Department of Economic Analysis and Finance, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
PLoS One. 2018 Apr 23;13(4):e0195735. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195735. eCollection 2018.
HIV/AIDS (Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) not only has a strong impact on the health of the worldwide population but also affects the labour status of HIV-positive people. The primary aim of this paper is to compare the labour participation of people living with HIV (PlwHIV) with the labour participation of the general population along the last business cycle in Spain.
The data used are from the Hospital Survey on HIV-AIDS, with a total sample size of 4,651 PlwHIV and the Labour Force Survey from 2001 to 2010, with a total sample size of 660,674 individuals as general population. Propensity Score Matching method was used to analyse the differences between the labour participation of PlwHIV and the general population. Additionally, several specific models categorised into different subgroups (gender, education, source of infection and level of defences) were also performed.
We identified a convergence in labour participation across the period in the two populations considered: PlwHIV was 23% less likely to have a job than the general population during 2001-2002 and 14% less likely during 2009-2010. This convergence is mainly explained by two facts: first, the positive evolution of people infected by sex; second, the change in the PlwHIV population composition with a decreasing weight of people infected by drug use throughout the decade. Thereby, at the end of period, there was no statistical difference in the employment rate between PlwHIV infected through sex and the general population but there was strongly difference in PlwHIV infected through drugs.
Inmunological status, source of infection and level of education play a relevant role among the PlwHIV population when comparing their labour participation with the general population. In spite of this positive result, the likelihood of being employed in HIV-positive people continues to be different from that of non-carriers. Our study shows that institutional features of labour markets are relevant and should be considered in comparison between countries.
艾滋病毒/艾滋病（人体免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征）不仅对全球人口的健康产生了巨大影响，还影响了艾滋病毒阳性人群的劳动状况。本文的主要目的是比较西班牙上一个商业周期中艾滋病毒感染者（PLWHIV）与普通人群的劳动参与率。
本研究的数据来自 HIV-艾滋病医院调查，共纳入 4651 名 PLWHIV 患者，样本量为 4651 例。同时还使用了 2001 年至 2010 年期间的劳动力调查数据，总样本量为 660674 人作为普通人群。采用倾向评分匹配方法分析 PLWHIV 与普通人群劳动参与率的差异。此外，还进行了几个特定的模型分析，分为不同的亚组（性别、教育、感染源和防御水平）。
我们发现，在所考虑的两个人群中，劳动参与率在整个时期都呈现出趋同的趋势：PLWHIV 在 2001-2002 年期间从事工作的可能性比普通人群低 23%，在 2009-2010 年期间低 14%。这种趋同主要归因于两个事实：第一，性传播感染者的积极演变；第二，在整个十年中，PLWHIV 人群构成的变化导致吸毒感染人数的权重下降。因此，在研究期末，性传播感染的 PLWHIV 与普通人群的就业率之间没有统计学差异，但吸毒感染的 PLWHIV 之间存在显著差异。
在比较 PLWHIV 人群与普通人群的劳动参与率时，免疫状态、感染源和教育水平在 PLWHIV 人群中发挥着重要作用。尽管取得了这一积极成果，但艾滋病毒阳性人群的就业机会仍然与非携带者不同。我们的研究表明，劳动力市场的制度特征在国家间比较中是相关的，应该予以考虑。
