Hassan B, Mankowski M E, Kirker G T, Clausen C A, Ahmed S
Termite Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
USDA-FS, Wood Durability and Protection, Lincoln Green Starkville, MS.
J Econ Entomol. 2018 May 28;111(3):1337-1345. doi: 10.1093/jee/toy098.
Heartwood extract from white mulberry (Morus alba L.) (Rosales: Moraceae) were investigated for antitermitic activity against Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in laboratory experiments. An ethanol:toluene (2:1) solvent system was used to remove extract from heartwood shavings. A concentration-dependent feeding response and mortality were observed for termites exposed to a concentration series range of 1.25 to 10 mg/ml of extract based on their dry weight. Results showed that maximum termite mortality occurred at 10 mg/ml. Based on the concentration series data, LC50 was calculated at 1.71 mg/ml. In filter paper feeding and repellency assays, extract significantly decreased the total number of gut protozoa compared with untreated and solvent controls. After feeding on filter paper treated at 10 mg/ml for 2 wk, protozoan populations were reduced by >55%. In choice and no-choice tests with mulberry heartwood, greater wood loss from termite feeding was found on solvent extracted blocks compared with nonextracted. Complete (100%) mortality was observed after feeding on nonextracted blocks compared with extracted blocks. Heartwood extract from white mulberry imparted resistance to vacuum pressure treated, nondurable southern pine and cottonwood. At every concentration tested, 100% mortality was observed after feeding on extract-treated southern pine or cottonwood. GC-MS analysis of extract showed high levels of the phenol compound, resorcinol. Results indicated that heartwood extract from white mulberry have antitermitic properties and might be potentially valuable in the development of environmentally benign termiticides.
在实验室实验中，对白桑（桑科蔷薇目）的心材提取物针对黄胸散白蚁（蜚蠊目鼻白蚁科）的抗白蚁活性进行了研究。使用乙醇：甲苯（2：1）溶剂体系从心材刨花中提取提取物。基于干重，观察到暴露于浓度范围为1.25至10mg/ml提取物系列的白蚁出现浓度依赖性取食反应和死亡率。结果表明，在10mg/ml时白蚁死亡率最高。根据浓度系列数据，计算出LC50为1.71mg/ml。在滤纸取食和驱避试验中，与未处理和溶剂对照相比，提取物显著降低了肠道原生动物的总数。在以10mg/ml处理的滤纸喂养2周后，原生动物数量减少了>55%。在对白桑心材的选择和无选择试验中，发现与未提取的相比，白蚁取食导致溶剂提取块的木材损失更大。与提取块相比，在取食未提取块后观察到100%的死亡率。白桑心材提取物赋予经真空压力处理的不耐久南方松和三角叶杨抗性。在每个测试浓度下，取食提取物处理的南方松或三角叶杨后均观察到100%的死亡率。提取物的气相色谱-质谱分析显示酚类化合物间苯二酚含量很高。结果表明，白桑心材提取物具有抗白蚁特性，在开发环境友好型白蚁防治剂方面可能具有潜在价值。
