Bitzer Sonja, Heudt Laetitia, Barret Aurélie, George Lore, Van Dijk Karolien, Gason Fabrice, Renard Bertrand
National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology, Department of Criminology, Boulevard du Jardin Botanique 50, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology, Department of Criminalistics, Chaussée de Vilvorde 100, 1120 Brussels, Belgium.
Sci Justice. 2018 May;58(3):177-184. doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2017.11.002. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
Forensic advisors (FA) at the National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), generalists in forensic science, act as an advising body to the magistrate to improve communication between the various parties involved in the investigation: magistrate, police and crime scene investigators, and forensic experts. Their role is manifold, but their main objectives are to optimise trace processing by selecting the most pertinent traces in the context of the case and by advising magistrates on the feasibility of forensic analyses in particular circumstances in regards to the latest technical advances. Despite the absence of a legal framework governing their role and involvement in judicial cases, the demand for their services has increased over the years. Initially, forensic advisors were called for complex homicide cases. Due to the proximity with the Public Prosecutor's Office, the types of offences for which their expertise was sought have become more diverse (mainly including robbery, burglary and sexual assault cases), leading to a diversity in the types of cases handled by the forensic advisors (complex, simple and review). In many of the cases they are requested for, in addition to consulting on the best analytical strategy, forensic advisors also assume the role of case coordinator regarding the seized objects and their respective analyses. Indeed, in the majority of cases treated by the FAs, two or more types of expertise have been requested and performed, either at the internal laboratories of NICC or at external laboratories. This paper explains the role of the forensic advisors in Belgium, the path that let to their current status and problems encountered.
国家刑事鉴定与犯罪学研究所（NICC）的法医顾问（FA）作为法医学通才，担任治安法官的咨询机构，以改善调查中各方之间的沟通，这些方包括治安法官、警察、犯罪现场调查人员和法医专家。他们的职责是多方面的，但其主要目标是通过在案件背景下选择最相关的痕迹，并就特定情况下法医分析在最新技术进展方面的可行性向治安法官提供建议，从而优化痕迹处理。尽管缺乏规范其在司法案件中的作用和参与的法律框架，但多年来对其服务的需求一直在增加。最初，法医顾问被召集处理复杂的凶杀案。由于与检察官办公室关系密切，寻求其专业知识的犯罪类型变得更加多样（主要包括抢劫、入室盗窃和性侵犯案件），导致法医顾问处理的案件类型也多种多样（复杂、简单和复查）。在他们被要求处理的许多案件中，除了就最佳分析策略提供咨询外，法医顾问还承担关于扣押物品及其各自分析的案件协调员的角色。事实上，在法医顾问处理的大多数案件中，已经要求并进行了两种或更多类型的专业鉴定，这些鉴定要么在NICC的内部实验室进行，要么在外部实验室进行。本文解释了比利时法医顾问的作用、使其达到目前地位的历程以及所遇到的问题。
