Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, D-63225 Langen, Germany.
Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, D-63225 Langen, Germany
J Immunol. 2018 May 1;200(9):3037-3044. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701745.
Therapeutic phages are being employed for vaccination and treatment of cancer and bacterial infections. Their natural immunogenicity triggers intertwined interactions with innate and adaptive immune cells that might influence therapy. Phage- and bactierial-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns released after bacterial lysis have been proposed to stimulate local innate immune responses, which could promote antitumor immunity or bacterial clearance. Conversely, immunogenicity of phages induces phage-specific humoral memory, which can hamper therapeutic success. This review outlines the current knowledge on the different types of immune responses elicited by phages and their potential benefits and adverse side effects, when applied therapeutically. This review further summarizes the knowledge gaps and defines the key immunological questions that need to be addressed regarding the clinical application of antibacterial phage therapy.
治疗性噬菌体被用于癌症和细菌感染的预防和治疗。它们的天然免疫原性与先天和适应性免疫细胞相互作用，可能会影响治疗效果。细菌裂解后释放的噬菌体和细菌来源的病原体相关分子模式已被提出可刺激局部先天免疫反应，从而促进抗肿瘤免疫或清除细菌。相反，噬菌体的免疫原性诱导噬菌体特异性体液记忆，这可能会阻碍治疗的成功。本综述概述了噬菌体引发的不同类型免疫反应及其潜在的益处和不良反应的最新知识，讨论了其在治疗中的应用。本综述进一步总结了知识空白，并确定了在应用抗菌噬菌体治疗时需要解决的关键免疫学问题。
