Modeling Parkinson's Disease in : What Have We Learned for Dominant Traits?

Parkinson's disease (PD) is recognized as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, there is no cure or proven disease modifying therapy for PD. The recent discovery of a number of genes involved in both sporadic and familial forms of PD has enabled disease modeling in easily manipulable model systems. Various model systems have been developed to study the pathobiology of PD and provided tremendous insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Among all the model systems, the power of has revealed many genetic factors involved in the various pathways, and provided potential therapeutic targets. This review focuses on models of PD, with emphasis on how models have provided new insights into the mutations of dominant genes causing PD and what are the convergent mechanisms.