De Carli Monteiro Juliane Petry, Condez Thais Helena, De Anchietta Garcia Paulo Christiano, Comitti EstevÃo Jasper, Amaral Ivan Borel, Haddad CÉlio Fernando Baptista
Departamento de Zoologia and Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24-A 1515, caixa postal 199, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
Zootaxa. 2018 Apr 12;4407(4):483-505. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2.
We describe a new species of Brachycephalus from municipality of São Francisco do Sul and municipality of Itapoá, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, southern Atlantic Forest. The new species is known from six localities from near sea level up to 250 meters and represents the first record of a "pumpkin-toadlet" occurring in the lowlands. Morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis of a fragment the 16S mtDNA gene place the new species in the Brachycephalus pernix group. The new species is supported by external morphology, osteology, advertisement call, and mtDNA divergence. It is characterized, among other traits by a dorsal body color dark green with a dark brown vertebral stripe, and an orange background; snout-vent length of 9.2-10.8 mm in males and 11.1-12.4 mm in females; and advertisement call short (0.02-0.03 seconds), composed of one high-frequency note (dominant frequency 6.6-7.3 kHz). We observed synchronized alternation in the emission of vocalizations among neighbor males, indicating that males of the new species are able to hear and use vocalizations to interact with each other. We provide descriptions of clutch, eggs, and juvenile and observations on parental care. The new species has not been recorded within any protected area and can be threatened by human-induced habitat loss and modification.
我们描述了一种来自巴西南部大西洋森林圣卡塔琳娜州南圣弗朗西斯科市和伊塔波阿市的短头蟾新物种。该新物种在六个地点被发现，海拔从近海平面到250米不等，是“南瓜蟾”在低地出现的首次记录。对16S线粒体DNA基因片段的形态特征和系统发育分析将该新物种归入珀尼克斯短头蟾组。新物种得到了外部形态、骨骼学、求偶鸣叫和线粒体DNA差异的支持。它的特征包括，除其他特征外，背部体色为深绿色，有一条深褐色的脊椎条纹，背景为橙色；雄性的吻肛长度为9.2 - 10.8毫米，雌性为11.1 - 12.4毫米；求偶鸣叫短（0.02 - 0.03秒），由一个高频音符组成（主频6.6 - 7.3千赫）。我们观察到相邻雄性之间发声的同步交替，这表明新物种的雄性能够听到并利用鸣叫相互交流。我们提供了卵块、卵以及幼体的描述和对亲代抚育的观察。该新物种未在任何保护区内被记录，可能受到人为导致的栖息地丧失和改变的威胁。
