Harimalala Mireille, Miarinjara AdelaÏde, Duchemin Jean-Bernard, Ramihangihajason Tojo, Boyer Sebastien
Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, Po Box 1274 Antananarivo, Madagascar..
Zootaxa. 2018 Mar 21;4399(2):181-196. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.2.3.
Fleas are holometabolous insects forming the order of Siphonaptera. Some studies have been carried out on biology and systematic of Malagasy fleas, but little is known about their phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we focused on flea species occurring in the forests of the Central Highlands and also, on the determination of their phylogenetic relationships. Three families, five genera and thirteen species were identified. The family Pulicidae includes four species (Centetipsylla madagascariensis Rothschild, Synopsyllus fonquerniei Wagner Roubaud, S. estradei Klein and S. robici Klein); Leptopsyllidae has eight species (Paractenopsyllus vauceli Klein, P. petiti Klein, P. viettei Klein, P. grandidieri Klein, P. goodmani Duchemin, P. rouxi Duchemin, P. raxworthyi Duchemin Ratovonjato and Tsaractenus rodhaini Duchemin), and Ctenophtalmidae one species (Dinopsyllus brachypecten Smit). All are endemic to Madagascar and each differs geographically. Flea phylogenetic relationships were inferred using four molecular markers (ITS2, mtCOII, 16SrRNA and 12S rRNA) and using Neighbor-Joining, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian methods with addition of Genbank sequences of exotic species. The Family Pulicidae was monophyletic while the families Leptopsyllidae and Ctenophtalmidae were paraphyletic. Malagasy fleas are homogeneous and all species adhere to current classification schemes.
跳蚤是全变态昆虫，属于蚤目。关于马达加斯加跳蚤的生物学和分类学已经开展了一些研究，但对它们的系统发育关系却知之甚少。在本研究中，我们聚焦于马达加斯加中央高原森林中出现的跳蚤物种，并确定它们的系统发育关系。共鉴定出3个科、5个属和13个物种。蚤科包括4个物种（马达加斯加栉眼蚤 Rothschild、方氏合蚤 Wagner Roubaud、埃氏合蚤 Klein和罗氏合蚤 Klein）；细蚤科有8个物种（瓦氏副栉眼蚤 Klein、佩氏副栉眼蚤 Klein、维氏副栉眼蚤 Klein、格兰氏副栉眼蚤 Klein、古氏副栉眼蚤 Duchemin、罗氏副栉眼蚤 Duchemin、拉氏副栉眼蚤 Duchemin Ratovonjato和罗德氏鬃蚤 Duchemin），栉眼蚤科有1个物种（短胸栉眼蚤 Smit）。所有这些物种均为马达加斯加特有，且在地理分布上各有不同。利用4个分子标记（ITS2、mtCOII、16SrRNA和12S rRNA），并采用邻接法、最大简约法和贝叶斯法，同时添加外来物种的Genbank序列，推断跳蚤的系统发育关系。蚤科是单系的，而细蚤科和栉眼蚤科是并系 的。马达加斯加跳蚤具有同质性，所有物种均符合当前的分类方案。
