Huber Bernhard A
Alexander Koenig Research Museum of Zoology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany..
Zootaxa. 2018 Mar 18;4395(1):1-178. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4395.1.1.
The South American genera Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998 and Carapoia González-Sponga, 1998 are among the most species-rich pholcid genera in the Neotropics. Representatives of both genera occupy a wide range of microhabitats from the leaf litter to high among the vegetation, resulting in a morphological and behavioral diversity that complicates not only identification in the field but also the establishment of generic limits. The present paper is primarily an effort to improve the foundation for future work on these genera by describing new species and unknown sexes, by redescribing poorly known species, and by adding distribution data for known species. In order to provide some structure for the 72 species treated herein, the genera are divided into operational species groups, based in part on previous morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, in part on similarity. The following 47 species are newly described. In Mesabolivar: M. acrensis, M. amadoi, M. amanaye, M. amazonicus, M. baianus, M. bico, M. bicuspis, M. borgesi, M. buraquinho, M. camacan, M. catarinensis, M. chapeco, M. claricae, M. constrictus, M. guaycolec, M. inmanis, M. itajai, M. jamari, M. kaingang, M. madalena, M. macushi, M. maraba, M. mimoso, M. murici, M. niteroi, M. pallens, M. saci, M. sepitus, M. serrapelada, M. similis, M. tabatinga, M. tapajos, M. turvo, M. yucuma. In Carapoia: C. agilis, C. bispina, C. djavani, C. exigua, C. kaxinawa, C. maculata, C. munduruku, C. pulchra, C. rubra, C. suassunai, C. tapajos, C. tenuis, C. utinga. Three poorly known species are redescribed in detail: M. spinosus (González-Sponga, 2005), M. anseriformis (González-Sponga, 2011), and M. azureus (Badcock, 1932). The previously unknown females are described for M. anseriformis and M. rudilapsi Machado et al., 2007; the previously unknown male is described for M. argentinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1938). The monotypic genus Teuia Huber, 2000 is newly synonymized with Mesabolivar, resulting in the new combination Mesabolivar beckeri (Huber, 2000). Psilochorus fluminensis Mello-Leitão, 1918 and Blechroscelis aurantia Mello-Leitão, 1940 are newly synonymized with Mesabolivar togatus (Keyserling, 1891). Three species are formally transferred from Mesabolivar to Carapoia: C. cambridgei (Mello-Leitão, 1947), C. lutea (Keyserling, 1891), and C. levii (Huber, 2000).
南美属类的梅萨玻利瓦尔属(Mesabolivar González-Sponga,1998)和卡拉波亚属(Carapoia González-Sponga,1998)是新热带界物种最为丰富的幽灵蛛属类。这两个属类的代表物种占据了从落叶层到植被高处的广泛微生境,导致了形态和行为的多样性,这不仅使野外鉴定变得复杂,也给确定属类界限带来困难。本文主要致力于通过描述新物种和未知性别个体、重新描述了解较少的物种以及补充已知物种的分布数据,来改善未来对这些属类研究的基础。为了给本文所涉及的72个物种提供一定的结构框架,这些属类被划分为操作物种组,部分基于先前的形态学和分子系统发育分析,部分基于相似性。以下47个物种为新描述物种。在梅萨玻利瓦尔属中:阿克里梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. acrensis)、阿马多伊梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. amadoi)、阿玛纳耶梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. amanaye)、亚马逊梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. amazonicus)、巴伊亚梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. baianus)、比科梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. bico)、双尖梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. bicuspis)、博尔热西梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. borgesi)、布拉金霍梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. buraquinho)、卡马坎梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. camacan)、圣卡塔琳娜梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. catarinensis)、沙佩科梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. chapeco)、克拉里卡梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. claricae)、缢缩梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. constrictus)、瓜伊科莱克梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. guaycolec)、无光泽梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. inmanis)、伊塔雅伊梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. itajai)、雅马里梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. jamari)、卡因冈梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. kaingang)、马德琳娜梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. madalena)、马库希梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. macushi)、马拉巴梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. maraba)、含羞草梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. mimoso)、穆里西梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. murici)、尼泰罗伊梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. niteroi)、苍白梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. pallens)、萨西梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. saci)、塞皮图斯梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. sepitus)、塞拉佩拉达梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. serrapelada)、相似梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. similis)、塔巴廷加梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. tabatinga)、塔帕若斯梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. tapajos)、图尔沃梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. turvo)、尤库马梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. yucuma)。在卡拉波亚属中:敏捷卡拉波亚蛛(C. agilis)、双刺卡拉波亚蛛(C. bispina)、贾瓦尼卡拉波亚蛛(C. djavani)、微小卡拉波亚蛛(C. exigua)、卡希纳瓦卡拉波亚蛛(C. kaxinawa)、有斑卡拉波亚蛛(C. maculata)、蒙杜鲁库卡拉波亚蛛(C. munduruku)完美卡拉波亚蛛(C. pulchra)、红色卡拉波亚蛛(C. rubra)、苏阿苏奈卡拉波亚蛛(C. suassunai)、塔帕若斯卡拉波亚蛛(C. tapajos)、纤细卡拉波亚蛛(C. tenuis)、乌廷加卡拉波亚蛛(C. utinga)。详细重新描述了三个了解较少的物种:多刺梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. spinosus,González-Sponga,2005)、鹅形梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. anseriformis,González-Sponga,2011)和天蓝梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. azureus,Badcock,1932)。描述了鹅形梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛和鲁迪拉普西梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(Machado等人,2007)之前未知的雌性;描述了阿根廷梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(M. argentinensis,Mello-Leitão,1938)之前未知的雄性。单型属特维亚属(Teuia Huber,2000)被新同义化为梅萨玻利瓦尔属,产生了新组合贝克尔梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(Mesabolivar beckeri,Huber,2000)。弗卢米嫩塞拟幽灵蛛(Psilochorus fluminensis Mello-Leitão,1918)和橙黄闪幽灵蛛(Blechroscelis aurantia Mello-Leitão,1940)被新同义化为托加图斯梅萨玻利瓦尔蛛(Mesabolivar togatus,Keyserling,1891)。三个物种从梅萨玻利瓦尔属正式转移到卡拉波亚属:剑桥卡拉波亚蛛(C. cambridgei,Mello-Leitão,1947)、黄色卡拉波亚蛛(C. lutea,Keyserling,1891)和莱维卡拉波亚蛛(C. levii,Huber,2000)。