CEREB - Center of Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Nordhäuser Str. 63, 99089 Erfurt, Germany.
Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
Vaccine. 2018 May 17;36(21):3018-3026. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.023.
The attitude towards vaccination is a major determinant of vaccination behavior; this also includes parents' attitudes towards the immunization of their child. Negative attitudes have been associated with vaccine hesitancy and outbreaks of infectious diseases throughout the globe. This study aimed to assess how and why attitudes become more pro-vaccine or vaccine-skeptical over time, and which sources are especially influential in this process.
Prospective cohort study with measurements at time of recruitment during pregnancy and at +3, +6 and +14 months after childbirth with cross-sectional control groups. In total, 351 women entered the longitudinal analyses, while 204, 215 and 173 women were recruited in the cross-sectional control groups, respectively. Inclusion criteria were: (i) being at least 18 years of age, (ii) pregnant, (iii) primigravida, and (iv) living in Germany.
During pregnancy mothers reported rather positive prior experiences with vaccinations. However, their judgment turned significantly more negative after the first vaccination experience with their child. Mixed-effects models showed that these changes were significantly related to increased risk perceptions and concerns about vaccination, which then had a negative impact on the vaccination attitude. In contrast, gaining more vaccine-related knowledge over time positively influenced attitude formation.
During the first year of their child's life maternal attitudes towards vaccination are formed and guide future decisions whether to vaccinate or not vaccinate a child. Strategies should be implemented that improve mothers' experiences when their newborn is vaccinated to prevent the development of vaccine hesitancy.
对疫苗接种的态度是疫苗接种行为的主要决定因素；这也包括父母对其子女免疫接种的态度。在全球范围内，消极的态度与疫苗犹豫和传染病的爆发有关。本研究旨在评估随着时间的推移，态度是如何以及为何变得更加支持疫苗接种或对疫苗持怀疑态度的，以及在这个过程中哪些来源特别有影响力。
这是一项前瞻性队列研究，在妊娠期间以及分娩后 3、6 和 14 个月进行测量，并设有横断面对照组。共有 351 名妇女进入了纵向分析，而 204、215 和 173 名妇女分别被招募到了横断面对照组中。纳入标准为：（i）年龄至少 18 岁，（ii）怀孕，（iii）初产妇，以及（iv）居住在德国。
在怀孕期间，母亲报告了相当积极的疫苗接种前经历。然而，在第一次为孩子接种疫苗后，她们的判断明显变得更加消极。混合效应模型显示，这些变化与风险感知的增加和对疫苗接种的担忧密切相关，这反过来又对疫苗接种态度产生了负面影响。相比之下，随着时间的推移获得更多与疫苗相关的知识会对态度的形成产生积极影响。
在孩子生命的第一年，母亲对疫苗接种的态度会形成，并指导她们未来是否为孩子接种疫苗的决定。应实施策略，改善母亲在新生儿接种疫苗时的体验，以防止疫苗犹豫情绪的发展。
