Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2018 Apr 1;21(4):170-179.
Calpains are a group of non-lysosomal Ca-dependent cysteine proteases with numerous substrates. Calpains have been identified in almost all eukaryotes and bacteria but not in archaebacteria. In the human genome, this group of enzymes has 15 isoforms and is present ubiquitously and demonstrates tissue-specific patterns of expression. Calpains are involved in different physiological and pathological processes such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and signal transduction and their roles in various disorders have been reported. In this review, functions of calpains, their substrates, their mechanism of regulation and their involvement in diseases have been summarized.
钙蛋白酶是一组无溶酶体依赖的、钙离子激活的半胱氨酸蛋白酶，有许多底物。钙蛋白酶已在几乎所有真核生物和细菌中被鉴定出来，但在古细菌中没有发现。在人类基因组中，这组酶有 15 种同工型，广泛存在，并表现出组织特异性的表达模式。钙蛋白酶参与不同的生理和病理过程，如细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡和信号转导，其在各种疾病中的作用已被报道。本文总结了钙蛋白酶的功能、其底物、调节机制及其在疾病中的作用。
