Lavrov Andrey I, Kosevich Igor A
Biol Bull. 2018 Feb;234(1):58-67. doi: 10.1086/697113. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
Sponges (phylum Porifera) traditionally are represented as inactive, sessile filter-feeding animals devoid of any behavior except filtering activity. However, different time-lapse techniques demonstrate that sponges are able to show a wide range of coordinated but slow whole-organism behavior. The present study concerns a peculiar type of such behavior in the psychrophilic demosponge Amphilectus lobatus: stolonial movement. During stolonial movement, sponges produce outgrowths (stolons) that crawl along a substrate with a speed of 4.4 ± 2.2 μm min and branch, thus forming a complex net covering a considerable area of a substrate. This net is used by sponges to search for new points with appropriate environmental conditions for individual relocation. After such points are found, all cells of the parental sponge migrate through stolons, leaving a naked parental skeleton, forming one or several filial sponges in the new location. Thus, stolonial movement combines traits of crawling along the substrate and asexual reproduction. This behavior relies on massive cell dedifferentiation followed by coordinated cell migration to the point of new sponge body formation and their subsequent differentiation into specialized cell types.
传统上，海绵动物门的海绵被视为不活跃的固着滤食性动物，除了过滤活动外没有任何行为。然而，不同的延时摄影技术表明，海绵能够展现出广泛的、协调但缓慢的全身行为。本研究关注嗜冷寻常海绵纲的叶状双盘海绵中一种特殊类型的此类行为：匍匐茎运动。在匍匐茎运动过程中，海绵会产生向外生长的结构（匍匐茎），这些匍匐茎以4.4±2.2微米/分钟的速度沿着基质爬行并分支，从而形成一个覆盖相当大面积基质的复杂网络。海绵利用这个网络寻找具有适宜环境条件的新地点以便个体迁移。找到这些地点后，亲代海绵的所有细胞会通过匍匐茎迁移，留下裸露的亲代骨架，在新地点形成一个或几个子代海绵。因此，匍匐茎运动兼具沿基质爬行和无性繁殖的特征。这种行为依赖于大量细胞去分化，随后细胞协调迁移到新海绵体形成的位置，并随后分化为特化的细胞类型。
