Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2018 Aug;75(15):2735-2761. doi: 10.1007/s00018-018-2828-6. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
Polarity is a fundamental feature of cells. Protein complexes, including the PAR3-PAR6-aPKC complex, have conserved roles in establishing polarity across a number of eukaryotic cell types. In neurons, polarity is evident as distinct axonal versus dendritic domains. The PAR3, PAR6, and aPKC proteins also play important roles in neuronal polarization. During this process, either aPKC kinase activity, the assembly of the PAR3-PAR6-aPKC complex or the localization of these proteins is regulated downstream of a number of signaling pathways. In turn, the PAR3, PAR6, and aPKC proteins control various effector molecules to establish neuronal polarity. Herein, we discuss the many signaling mechanisms and effector functions that have been linked to PAR3, PAR6, and aPKC during the establishment of neuronal polarity.
极性是细胞的基本特征。包括 PAR3-PAR6-aPKC 复合物在内的蛋白质复合物在许多真核细胞类型中建立极性方面具有保守作用。在神经元中，极性表现为明显的轴突与树突域。PAR3、PAR6 和 aPKC 蛋白在神经元极化中也发挥着重要作用。在此过程中，aPKC 激酶活性、PAR3-PAR6-aPKC 复合物的组装或这些蛋白的定位受许多信号通路的下游调控。反过来，PAR3、PAR6 和 aPKC 蛋白控制各种效应分子来建立神经元极性。在此，我们讨论了在建立神经元极性过程中与 PAR3、PAR6 和 aPKC 相关的许多信号机制和效应功能。
