Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Sociology and Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Humanities Bridgeford Street Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
Age Ageing. 2018 Jul 1;47(4):575-581. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afy061.
highly prevalagent hearing and vision sensory impairments among older people may contribute to the risk of cognitive decline and pathological impairments including dementia.This study aims to determine whether single and dual sensory impairment (hearing and/or vision) are independently associated with cognitive decline among older adults and to describe cognitive trajectories according to their impairment pattern.
we used data from totals of 13,123, 11,417 and 21,265 respondents aged 50+ at baseline from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), respectively. We performed growth curve analysis to identify cognitive trajectories, and a joint model was used to deal with attrition problems in longitudinal ageing surveys.
respondents with a single sensory impairment had lower episodic memory score than those without sensory impairment in HRS (β = -0.15, P < 0.001), ELSA (β = -0.14, P < 0.001) and SHARE (β = -0.26, P < 0.001). The analysis further shows that older adults with dual sensory impairment in HRS (β = -0.25, P < 0.001), ELSA (β = -0.35, P < 0.001) and SHARE (β = -0.68, P < 0.001) remembered fewer words compared with those with no sensory impairment. The stronger associations between sensory impairment and lower episodic memory levels were found in the joint model which accounted for attrition.
hearing and/or vision impairments are a marker for the risk of cognitive decline that could inform preventative interventions to maximise cognitive health and longevity. Further studies are needed to investigate how sensory markers could inform strategies to improve cognitive ageing.
老年人中普遍存在听力和视力感官障碍，这可能导致认知能力下降和病理性损伤，包括痴呆。本研究旨在确定单感官和双感官障碍（听力和/或视力）是否与老年人的认知能力下降独立相关，并根据其损伤模式描述认知轨迹。
我们使用了来自健康与退休研究（HRS）、英国老龄化纵向研究（ELSA）和欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查（SHARE）的总共有 13123、11417 和 21265 名 50 岁及以上的受访者的数据。我们进行了增长曲线分析以确定认知轨迹，并使用联合模型来处理纵向老龄化调查中的缺失问题。
在 HRS（β=-0.15，P<0.001）、ELSA（β=-0.14，P<0.001）和 SHARE（β=-0.26，P<0.001）中，单感官障碍的受访者的情景记忆评分低于无感官障碍的受访者。分析进一步表明，HRS（β=-0.25，P<0.001）、ELSA（β=-0.35，P<0.001）和 SHARE（β=-0.68，P<0.001）中双感官障碍的老年人记住的单词比无感官障碍的老年人少。联合模型考虑了缺失问题，发现感官障碍与较低的情景记忆水平之间的关联更强。
听力和/或视力障碍是认知能力下降的风险标志物，可提供信息来制定预防干预措施，以最大限度地提高认知健康和寿命。需要进一步研究来探讨感官标志物如何为改善认知衰老的策略提供信息。
