Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2019 May 21;21(6):828-834. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty078.
Exposure biomarkers are required in tobacco use studies to accurately assess smoking status since self-reporting usually results in misclassification estimates. This study uses breath analysis and assesses some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure.
Forced-expiratory breath samples were obtained from 377 volunteers (174 smokers and 203 nonsmokers). Exhaled breath levels of different VOCs previously related to tobacco smoke were evaluated. The toluene-to-benzene ratio was evaluated as this ratio has been found to be different in atmospheric samples and tobacco smoke emissions. Finally, breath analyses from 64 patients attending a clinical practice were evaluated and the results were compared to their self-reporting status.
Univariate analysis shows that all compounds evaluated gave significant differences (p < .001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves suggest that xylenes and toluene are not able to accurately determine smoking status, and benzene and the T/B ratio present potential utility in certain conditions. The highest discriminant capacity was obtained for 2,5-dimethylfuran (AUC = 0.982, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.969-0.995), with a cut-off value of 0.016 ppbv (sensibility = 0.965, specificity = 0.896). Drinking coffee was the only confounding parameter that can give low breath levels for this compound. The evaluation of the results obtained from the patients attending a clinical practice showed that 8% of people who claim to be nonsmokers hid their real smoking status.
The results obtained confirm that the determination of 2,5-dimethylfuran in breath samples is a good and simpler alternative to conventional blood or urine tests for assessing smoking status.
Analysis of 2,5-dimethylfuran in breath samples results in a simple and fast method for the determination of the smoking status of a person. This methodology presents multiple advantages as it is neither invasive nor embarrassing for patients attending clinical practices. Moreover, analysis of biomarkers in breath samples is simpler and faster than using conventional methods based on urine or blood analysis.
在烟草使用研究中需要使用暴露生物标志物来准确评估吸烟状况，因为自我报告通常会导致分类估计错误。本研究使用呼气分析并评估了一些挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 作为烟草烟雾暴露的潜在生物标志物。
从 377 名志愿者（174 名吸烟者和 203 名非吸烟者）中获得强制呼气样本。评估了先前与烟草烟雾相关的不同 VOC 的呼气水平。评估了甲苯与苯的比值，因为该比值在大气样本和烟草烟雾排放中有所不同。最后，评估了 64 名在临床实践中就诊的患者的呼吸分析结果，并将结果与其自我报告的状况进行了比较。
单变量分析表明，所有评估的化合物均存在显著差异（p <.001）。接收者操作特征 (ROC) 曲线表明，二甲苯和甲苯无法准确确定吸烟状况，而苯和 T/B 比值在某些情况下具有潜在的应用价值。2,5-二甲基呋喃具有最高的判别能力（AUC = 0.982，95%置信区间 [CI]：0.969-0.995），其截断值为 0.016 ppbv（灵敏度 = 0.965，特异性 = 0.896）。喝咖啡是唯一可能导致该化合物呼气水平较低的混杂参数。对在临床实践中就诊的患者的结果评估表明，8%声称不吸烟的人隐瞒了他们的真实吸烟状况。
研究结果证实，在呼吸样本中测定 2,5-二甲基呋喃是评估吸烟状况的一种较好且更简单的替代传统血液或尿液测试的方法。
分析呼吸样本中的 2,5-二甲基呋喃可提供一种简单快速的方法来确定一个人的吸烟状况。与传统的基于尿液或血液分析的方法相比，这种方法具有非侵入性和不会让患者感到尴尬等多个优点。此外，与基于尿液或血液分析的传统方法相比，分析呼吸样本中的生物标志物更简单、更快。
