Shao Zeshu, van Paridon Jeroen, Poletiek Fenna, Meyer Antje S
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.
Institute of Psychology, Leiden University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2019 Jan;45(1):147-165. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000570. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
There is mounting evidence that the ease of producing and understanding language depends not only on the frequencies of individual words but also on the frequencies of word combinations. However, in two picture description experiments, Janssen and Barber (2012) found that French and Spanish speakers' speech onset latencies for short phrases depended exclusively on the frequencies of the phrases but not on the frequencies of the individual words. They suggested that speakers retrieved phrase-sized units from the mental lexicon. In the present study, we examined whether the time required to plan complex noun phrases in Dutch would likewise depend only on phrase frequencies. Participants described line drawings in phrases such as rode schoen [red shoe] (Experiments 1 and 2) or de rode schoen [the red shoe] (Experiment 3). Replicating Janssen and Barber's findings, utterance onset latencies depended on the frequencies of the phrases but, deviating from their findings, also depended on the frequencies of the adjectives in adjective-noun phrases and the frequencies of the nouns in determiner-adjective-noun phrases. We conclude that individual word frequencies and phrase frequencies both affect the time needed to produce noun phrases and discuss how these findings may be captured in models of the mental lexicon and of phrase production. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
越来越多的证据表明，语言生成和理解的难易程度不仅取决于单个单词的频率，还取决于单词组合的频率。然而，在两项图片描述实验中，扬森和巴伯（2012年）发现，法语和西班牙语使用者对短短语的言语起始潜伏期仅取决于短语的频率，而不取决于单个单词的频率。他们认为，说话者从心理词库中检索短语大小的单位。在本研究中，我们考察了荷兰语中规划复杂名词短语所需的时间是否同样仅取决于短语频率。参与者用诸如rode schoen[红色鞋子]（实验1和2）或de rode schoen[这双红色鞋子]（实验3）这样的短语描述线条图。重复扬森和巴伯的研究结果，言语起始潜伏期取决于短语的频率，但与他们的研究结果不同的是，它还取决于形容词-名词短语中形容词的频率以及限定词-形容词-名词短语中名词的频率。我们得出结论，单个单词频率和短语频率都会影响生成名词短语所需的时间，并讨论了如何在心理词库和短语生成模型中体现这些发现。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2018美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
