Tener Dafna
The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2020 Apr;21(2):393-405. doi: 10.1177/1524838018772287. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
Relations between minors under the age of consent and older persons are legally prohibited in many countries. However, the nature of these relationships, their impact on the lives of minors involved, and how they should be dealt by law enforcement and welfare systems are highly controversial. The differences between the way these relations are perceived by the minors involved and the public are also unclear. This literature review examines them as perceived by youths or young adults who had experienced sexual relations with a person at least 2 years older during their adolescence as well as by students and other adult members of the public. A systematic search of 977 studies initially identified as relevant yielded 16 studies that fit the inclusion criteria. Most (13) research samples were located in the United States, and the remainder were in the United Kingdom (2) and Australia (1). All were published in English. Four main themes emerged from the analysis of these studies: adolescent motives for sexual relations with older persons (two studies); characteristics of sexual relations between adolescents and older persons (6); contextual factors affecting the way such relations are perceived, including the partners' ages and genders (11); and perspectives on the legal framing of such relations (6). The studies' findings are discussed and implications for future research, policy, and practice are suggested, highlighting the complexity and ambiguity of the phenomenon and calling on intervention programs to focus on strengthening the family unit and social network of these youth and for policies to address teen sexuality as defined both normatively and legally.
在许多国家，法定同意年龄以下的未成年人与年长者之间的关系在法律上是被禁止的。然而，这些关系的性质、它们对所涉未成年人生活的影响，以及执法和福利系统应如何处理这些关系，都极具争议性。所涉未成年人与公众对这些关系的认知差异也不明确。这篇文献综述考察了那些在青春期与至少比自己大两岁的人发生过性关系的青少年或青年，以及学生和其他成年公众对这些关系的认知。对最初确定为相关的977项研究进行系统检索后，得到了16项符合纳入标准的研究。大多数（13项）研究样本来自美国，其余的来自英国（2项）和澳大利亚（1项）。所有研究均以英文发表。对这些研究的分析产生了四个主要主题：青少年与年长者发生性关系的动机（两项研究）；青少年与年长者之间性关系的特征（6项）；影响对这种关系认知方式的背景因素，包括伴侣的年龄和性别（11项）；以及对这种关系法律框架的看法（6项）。本文讨论了这些研究的结果，并提出了对未来研究、政策和实践的启示，强调了这一现象的复杂性和模糊性，并呼吁干预项目专注于加强这些青少年的家庭单位和社会网络，以及制定政策来规范和依法处理青少年性行为。
