Centre for EyeResearch Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital & Melbourne, Australia
Centre for EyeResearch Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital & Melbourne, Australia.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2019 Feb;103(2):191-195. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311786. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
To estimate the prevalence of glaucoma in Australia.
This was a population-based study of 3098 non-Indigenous Australians (50-98 years) and 1738 Indigenous Australians (40-92 years) stratified by remoteness. Each participant underwent a standard examination that included visual field assessment, tonometry and non-mydriatic fundus photography. Two fellowship-trained glaucoma specialists independently assessed relevant case notes (past ocular history, best-corrected visual acuity, frequency doubling technology visual fields, Van Herick grade, intraocular pressure and optic disc-centred photographs) and assigned a diagnosis ranked on a scale of certainty: none, possible, probable or definite glaucoma.
A total of 4792 (99.1%, 3062 non-Indigenous and 1730 Indigenous) participants had retinal photographs in at least one eye that were gradable for glaucoma. The weighted prevalence of glaucoma (definite) in non-Indigenous Australians and Indigenous Australians was 1.5% (95% CI 1.0 to 2.2) and 0.6% (95% CI 0.4 to 1.1), respectively. When definite and probable cases of glaucoma were combined, rates were 3.4% (95% CI 2.7 to 4.3) among non-Indigenous and 1.6% (95% CI 1.1 to 2.3) in Indigenous Australians. Only 52.4% of non-Indigenous Australians and 28.0% of Indigenous Australians with glaucoma self-reported a known history of glaucoma.
We estimate that 198 923 non-Indigenous Australians aged 50 years and over and 2139 Indigenous Australians aged 40 years and over have glaucoma. Given the high rates of undiagnosed glaucoma coupled with a significant ageing of the Australian population, improvements in case detection and access to low vision rehabilitation services may be required to cope with the growing burden of glaucoma.
估计澳大利亚的青光眼患病率。
这是一项基于人群的研究，纳入了 3098 名非原住民澳大利亚人（50-98 岁）和 1738 名原住民澳大利亚人（40-92 岁），并按偏远程度进行分层。每位参与者都接受了标准检查，包括视野评估、眼压测量和非散瞳眼底照相。两名经过 fellowship培训的青光眼专家独立评估相关病历（既往眼部病史、最佳矫正视力、倍频技术视野、Van Herick 分级、眼压和视盘中心照相），并根据确定性程度对诊断进行分级：无、可能、可能或明确的青光眼。
共有 4792 名（99.1%，3062 名非原住民和 1730 名原住民）参与者至少有一只眼的视网膜照片可用于青光眼分级。非原住民澳大利亚人和原住民澳大利亚人明确青光眼（确诊）的加权患病率分别为 1.5%（95%CI 1.0-2.2）和 0.6%（95%CI 0.4-1.1）。当明确和可能的青光眼病例合并时，非原住民的患病率为 3.4%（95%CI 2.7-4.3），原住民为 1.6%（95%CI 1.1-2.3）。仅有 52.4%的非原住民澳大利亚人和 28.0%的原住民澳大利亚青光眼患者自述有已知的青光眼病史。
我们估计有 198923 名 50 岁及以上的非原住民澳大利亚人和 2139 名 40 岁及以上的原住民澳大利亚人患有青光眼。鉴于未确诊青光眼的比例较高，加上澳大利亚人口老龄化显著，可能需要提高病例检出率并改善低视力康复服务的可及性，以应对青光眼负担的不断增加。
