State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
Puritek (Nanjing) Co Ltd, Nanjng, 210023, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jul;25(19):18632-18641. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2050-y. Epub 2018 Apr 28.
Cold and fluctuant temperatures are still a bottleneck for the application of one-stage deammonification in mainstream anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation). In this study, to simulate the practical but critical operational condition under rapidly fluctuant temperatures between April and May in cold northern area, two deammonification reactors with anammox granular sludge and nitritation flocculent sludge were tested under the cold shock with temperature fluctuations (11-18 °C). Under the controlled temperature (32 °C), good performances were obtained in both reactors. However, after the cold shock (ca. 13 °C), both reactors deteriorated similarly. The ammonia removal efficiencies decreased by half, while total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies decreased by two thirds. Nitrite accumulated in both reactors, while nitrate production was not disturbed although its contributions from nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) increased. In the stage with increasing wastewater temperatures (17.5 ± 2.2 °C), several operational conditions were tested to recover the performances, including limited dissolved oxygen, long hydraulic retention time (HRT), high nitrogen loading with elevated pH, and low NH-N (60 mg/L), which did not significantly improve the performances, while the phenomena of heterotrophic nitrate reduction dramatically improved the nitrogen removal performances under limited aeration. During the cold temperature shock, insufficient anammox activity, and nitrate overproduction were the main problems.
低温波动仍是一体式氨氮去除（厌氧氨氧化）在主流应用中的瓶颈。本研究模拟了北方寒冷地区 4-5 月温度快速波动的实际关键运行条件，采用具有厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥和硝化絮体污泥的两个脱氨反应器，在温度波动（11-18°C）的冷冲击下进行了测试。在控温（32°C）条件下，两个反应器均表现良好。然而，在冷冲击（约 13°C）后，两个反应器的性能均恶化。氨去除效率下降了一半，而总氮（TN）去除效率下降了三分之二。亚硝酸盐在两个反应器中积累，尽管亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）的硝酸盐产量增加，但硝酸盐的产生并未受到干扰。在废水温度升高阶段（17.5±2.2°C），测试了几种恢复性能的操作条件，包括限制溶解氧、长水力停留时间（HRT）、高氮负荷和提高 pH 值，以及低 NH-N（60mg/L），但这些操作条件并没有显著改善性能，而有限曝气条件下异养硝酸盐还原现象显著改善了氮去除性能。在低温冲击期间，氨氮去除菌活性不足和硝酸盐过量产生是主要问题。
