1 Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
2 Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2019 Mar;53(3):236-247. doi: 10.1177/0004867418769746. Epub 2018 Apr 28.
The personality characteristics and symptoms observed in schizophrenia are postulated to lie on a continuum, with non-clinical manifestations referred to as schizotypy. High schizotypy behaviours are argued to correspond with the three main clusters of symptoms in schizophrenia: positive, negative and cognitive/disorganised symptoms, yet there is limited empirical evidence to support this. This study aimed to investigate whether schizotypy dimensions significantly correlate with their respective schizophrenia symptomatology in the largest sample to date.
A total of 361 adults (103 patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and 258 healthy controls) were assessed for schizotypy using the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery supplemented by the Stroop task and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was administered to all participants to obtain objective measurements of cognition. Schizophrenia symptomatology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in patients only.
The results demonstrated significant correlations between the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences positive and negative subscales and their respective Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale subscales only, indicating that positive and negative schizotypy dimensions across patients and controls accurately reflect the respective schizophrenia symptomatology observed in patients. Cognitive performance did not correlate with cognitive/disorganised symptom dimensions of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences or the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, indicating that cognitive impairment is an independent symptom dimension that requires objective cognitive testing.
Collectively, the findings provide empirical evidence for the continuum theory and support the use of schizotypy as a model for investigating schizophrenia.
精神分裂症患者所表现出的人格特征和症状被认为存在连续性，而非临床症状则被称为精神分裂症特质。高精神分裂症特质行为被认为与精神分裂症的三个主要症状群相对应：阳性、阴性和认知/紊乱症状，但目前仅有有限的实证证据支持这一观点。本研究旨在调查迄今为止最大的样本中，精神分裂症特质维度是否与各自的精神分裂症症状显著相关。
共有 361 名成年人（103 名精神分裂症/分裂情感障碍患者和 258 名健康对照者）接受了牛津-利物浦感觉和体验量表（Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences）的精神分裂症特质评估。所有参与者都接受了 MATRICS 共识认知电池补充的 Stroop 任务和威斯康星卡片分类测试，以获得认知的客观测量。仅在患者中使用阳性和阴性综合征量表（Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale）评估精神分裂症症状。
结果表明，牛津-利物浦感觉和体验量表的积极和消极子量表与各自的阳性和阴性综合征量表子量表之间存在显著相关性，这表明患者和对照组的积极和消极精神分裂症特质维度准确反映了患者中观察到的各自精神分裂症症状。认知表现与牛津-利物浦感觉和体验量表或阳性和阴性综合征量表的认知/紊乱症状维度没有相关性，这表明认知障碍是一个独立的症状维度，需要进行客观的认知测试。
总的来说，这些发现为连续性理论提供了实证证据，并支持使用精神分裂症特质作为研究精神分裂症的模型。
