UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.
Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
J Clin Invest. 2018 Jun 1;128(6):2356-2369. doi: 10.1172/JCI97354. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
Tyro3, Axl, Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinases reduce inflammatory, innate immune responses. We demonstrate that tumor-secreted protein S (Pros1), a Mer/Tyro3 ligand, decreased macrophage M1 cytokine expression in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, tumor cells with CRISPR-based deletion of Pros1 failed to inhibit M1 polarization. Tumor cell-associated Pros1 action was abrogated in macrophages from Mer- and Tyro3- but not Axl-KO mice. In addition, several other murine and human tumor cell lines suppressed macrophage M1 cytokine expression induced by IFN-γ and LPS. Investigation of the suppressive pathway demonstrated a role for PTP1b complexing with Mer. Substantiating the role of PTP1b, M1 cytokine suppression was also lost in macrophages from PTP1b-KO mice. Mice bearing Pros1-deficient tumors showed increased innate and adaptive immune infiltration, as well as increased median survival. TAM activation can also inhibit TLR-mediated M1 polarization. Treatment with resiquimod, a TLR7/8 agonist, did not improve survival in mice bearing Pros1-secreting tumors but doubled survival for Pros1-deleted tumors. The tumor-derived Pros1 immune suppressive system, like PD-L1, was cytokine responsive, with IFN-γ inducing Pros1 transcription and secretion. Inhibition of Pros1/TAM interaction represents a potential novel strategy to block tumor-derived immune suppression.
酪氨酸激酶受体 Tyro3、Axl、Mer(TAM)可降低炎症和先天免疫反应。我们证明,肿瘤分泌的蛋白 S(Pros1)是 Mer/Tyro3 的配体,可减少体外和体内巨噬细胞 M1 细胞因子的表达。相比之下,基于 CRISPR 的 Pros1 缺失的肿瘤细胞无法抑制 M1 极化。在 Mer 和 Tyro3 而非 Axl-KO 小鼠的巨噬细胞中,肿瘤细胞相关的 Pros1 作用被阻断。此外,几种其他的鼠类和人类肿瘤细胞系可抑制 IFN-γ 和 LPS 诱导的巨噬细胞 M1 细胞因子表达。对抑制途径的研究表明,PTP1b 与 Mer 结合起作用。证实了 PTP1b 的作用,巨噬细胞中 PTP1b-KO 也失去了 M1 细胞因子的抑制作用。缺乏 Pros1 的肿瘤小鼠表现出增加的固有和适应性免疫浸润,以及延长的中位存活期。TAM 激活还可以抑制 TLR 介导的 M1 极化。用 TLR7/8 激动剂瑞喹莫德治疗 Pros1 分泌肿瘤的小鼠不能改善生存,但 Pros1 缺失肿瘤的生存时间增加了一倍。肿瘤衍生的 Pros1 免疫抑制系统与 PD-L1 相似,是细胞因子反应性的,IFN-γ 诱导 Pros1 的转录和分泌。抑制 Pros1/TAM 相互作用代表了阻断肿瘤衍生免疫抑制的一种潜在新策略。