Fjaeldstad Alexander, Fernandes Henrique, Nyengaard Jens Randel, Ovesen Therese
Ugeskr Laeger. 2018 Apr 30;180(18).
As a gatekeeper, taste buds forage chemicals to identify both nutrition and toxins. This can be the decisive difference between initiating the swallow reflex or spitting out the oral contents. In addition to this simple function the sense of taste takes part in more complex relations such as reflexes vs learning, perception vs expectation, and pleasure vs disgust. All relations, which can be perturbed into unbalance, create great discomfort in patients suffering from a dysfunctional sense of taste. This review discusses the most important mechanisms of taste function and dysfunction as well as the possible avenues for treatment of the disorders.
作为味觉的感受器，味蕾通过搜寻化学物质来辨别营养成分和毒素。这可能是引发吞咽反射或吐出口腔内容物的决定性差异所在。除了这一简单功能外，味觉还参与了更为复杂的关系，如反射与学习、感知与期望、愉悦与厌恶。所有这些可能被扰乱而失衡的关系，都会给味觉功能失调的患者带来极大的不适。本文综述了味觉功能及功能障碍的最重要机制，以及治疗这些病症的可能途径。
