Shumilova T G, Lutoev V P, Isaenko S I, Kovalchuk N S, Makeev B A, Lysiuk A Yu, Zubov A A, Ernstson K
Institute of Geology, Komi Scientific Center of Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomayskaya st. 54, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia.
Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
Sci Rep. 2018 May 2;8(1):6923. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25037-z.
The state of substances under ultrahigh pressures and temperatures (UHPHT) now raises a special interest as a matter existing under extreme conditions and as potential new material. Under laboratory conditions only small amounts of micrometer-sized matter are produced at a pressure up to 100 GPa and at room temperature. Simultaneous combination of ultrahigh pressures and temperatures in a lab still requires serious technological effort. Here we describe the composition and structure of the UHPHT vein-like impact glass discovered by us in 2015 on the territory of the Kara astrobleme (Russia) and compare its properties with impact glass from the Ries crater (Germany). A complex of structural and spectroscopic methods presents unusual high pressure marks of structural elements in 8-fold co-ordination that had been described earlier neither in synthetic nor natural glasses. The Kara natural UHPHT glasses being about 70 Ma old have well preserved initial structure, presenting some heterogeneity as a result of partial liquation and crystallization differentiation where an amorphous component is proposed to originate from low level polymerization. Homogeneous parts of the UHPHT glasses can be used to deepened fundamental investigation of a substance under extreme PT conditions and to technological studies for novel material creations.
超高压高温（UHPHT）条件下物质的状态，作为一种存在于极端条件下的物质以及潜在的新型材料，如今引发了特别的关注。在实验室条件下，在高达100吉帕的压力和室温下，只能产生少量微米级大小的物质。在实验室中同时实现超高压和高温仍需要付出巨大的技术努力。在此，我们描述了2015年在卡拉陨石坑（俄罗斯）区域发现的超高压高温脉状冲击玻璃的成分和结构，并将其性质与来自里斯陨石坑（德国）的冲击玻璃进行比较。一系列结构和光谱方法揭示了结构元素中不寻常的高压特征，这些特征在八重配位中呈现，此前在合成玻璃和天然玻璃中均未被描述过。卡拉天然超高压高温玻璃约有7000万年历史，其初始结构保存完好，由于部分液化和结晶分异而呈现出一定的不均匀性，其中非晶成分被认为源于低水平聚合。超高压高温玻璃的均匀部分可用于深入开展对极端压力 - 温度条件下物质的基础研究以及新型材料创制的技术研究。
