Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Blok D, Box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Sci Eng Ethics. 2019 Aug;25(4):1271-1301. doi: 10.1007/s11948-018-0057-x. Epub 2018 May 2.
Recent empirical evidence has demonstrated that research misconduct occurs to a substantial degree in biomedical research. It has been suggested that scientific integrity is also of concern in China, but this seems to be based largely on anecdotal evidence. We, therefore, sought to explore the Chinese situation, by making a systematic review of published empirical studies on biomedical research integrity in China. One of our purposes was also to summarize the existing body of research published in Chinese. We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, PubMed and Web of Science for potentially relevant studies, and included studies meeting our inclusion criteria, i.e. mainly those presenting empirically obtained data about the practice of research in China. All the data was extracted and synthesized using an inductive approach. Twenty-one studies were included for review. Two studies used qualitative methods (interviews) and nineteen studies used quantitative methods (questionnaires). Studies involved mainly medical postgraduates and nurses and they investigated awareness, attitudes, perceptions and experiences of research integrity and misconduct. Most of the participants in these 21 studies reported that research integrity is of great importance and that they obey academic norms during their research. Nevertheless, the occurrence of research misbehaviors, such as fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, improper authorship and duplicate submission was also reported. Strengthening research integrity training, developing the governance system and improving the scientific evaluation system were areas of particular attention in several studies. Our review demonstrates that a substantial number of articles have been devoted to research integrity in China, but only a few studies provide empirical evidence. With more safeguard measures of research integrity being taken in China, it would be crucial to conduct more research to explore researchers' in-depth perceptions and evaluate the changes.
最近的实证证据表明，医学研究中存在相当程度的研究不端行为。有人认为，中国也存在科学诚信问题，但这似乎主要基于传闻证据。因此，我们试图通过系统综述中国发表的关于生物医学研究诚信的实证研究，来探讨中国的情况。我们的目的之一也是总结已发表的中文研究文献。我们在中国国家知识基础设施、万方数据、PubMed 和 Web of Science 中搜索了可能相关的研究，并纳入了符合我们纳入标准的研究，即主要是那些提供关于中国研究实践的经验数据的研究。我们使用归纳法提取和综合所有数据。共有 21 项研究被纳入审查。其中两项研究使用定性方法（访谈），19 项研究使用定量方法（问卷调查）。这些研究主要涉及医学研究生和护士，他们调查了研究诚信和不端行为的意识、态度、看法和经验。这些研究的大多数参与者报告说，研究诚信非常重要，他们在研究过程中遵守学术规范。然而，也有研究报告了研究不端行为的发生，如捏造、伪造、抄袭、不当署名和重复提交。在几项研究中，加强研究诚信培训、发展治理体系和完善科学评价体系是特别关注的领域。我们的综述表明，中国有相当数量的文章致力于研究诚信，但只有少数研究提供了实证证据。随着中国采取更多的研究诚信保障措施，进行更多的研究来探索研究人员的深入看法并评估变化将至关重要。
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