Waters Shafagh A, Capraro Alexander, McIntyre Kim L, Marshall Graves Jennifer A, Waters Paul D
School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Genes (Basel). 2018 May 1;9(5):230. doi: 10.3390/genes9050230.
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification in vertebrate genomes known to be involved in the regulation of gene expression, X chromosome inactivation, genomic imprinting, chromatin structure, and control of transposable elements. DNA methylation is common to all eukaryote genomes, but we still lack a complete understanding of the variation in DNA methylation patterns on sex chromosomes and between the sexes in diverse species. To better understand sex chromosome DNA methylation patterns between different amniote vertebrates, we review literature that has analyzed the genome-wide distribution of DNA methylation in mammals and birds. In each system, we focus on DNA methylation patterns on the autosomes versus the sex chromosomes.
DNA甲基化是脊椎动物基因组中一种关键的表观遗传修饰，已知其参与基因表达调控、X染色体失活、基因组印记、染色质结构以及转座元件的控制。DNA甲基化在所有真核生物基因组中都很常见，但我们仍缺乏对不同物种性染色体上以及两性之间DNA甲基化模式差异的全面理解。为了更好地了解不同羊膜动物脊椎动物之间的性染色体DNA甲基化模式，我们回顾了分析哺乳动物和鸟类DNA甲基化全基因组分布的文献。在每个系统中，我们关注常染色体与性染色体上的DNA甲基化模式。
