Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Mol Cell Neurosci. 2018 Sep;91:131-139. doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 May 3.
Ankyrins are broadly expressed adaptors that organize diverse membrane proteins into specialized domains and link them to the sub-membranous cytoskeleton. In neurons, ankyrins are known to have essential roles in organizing the axon initial segment and nodes of Ranvier. However, recent studies have revealed novel functions for ankyrins at synapses, where they organize and stabilize neurotransmitter receptors, modulate dendritic spine morphology and control adhesion to the presynaptic site. Ankyrin genes have also been highly associated with a range of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases, including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and autism, which all demonstrate overlap in their genetics, mechanisms and phenotypes. This review discusses the novel synaptic functions of ankyrin proteins in neurons, and places these exciting findings in the context of ANK genes as key neuropsychiatric disorder risk-factors.
锚蛋白是一种广泛表达的衔接蛋白，可将多种膜蛋白组织成特定的结构域，并将它们连接到细胞下的细胞骨架。在神经元中，锚蛋白在轴突起始段和Ranvier 结的组织中起着至关重要的作用。然而，最近的研究揭示了锚蛋白在突触中的新功能，它们可以组织和稳定神经递质受体，调节树突棘形态并控制与突触前部位的黏附。锚蛋白基因也与一系列神经发育和精神疾病高度相关，包括双相情感障碍、精神分裂症和自闭症，它们在遗传、机制和表型上都有重叠。本文综述了锚蛋白在神经元中的新型突触功能，并将这些令人兴奋的发现置于 ANK 基因作为关键的神经精神疾病风险因素的背景下进行讨论。
