Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018 Aug;60(8):810-819. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13793. Epub 2018 May 6.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to provide normative data for motor proficiency (motor performance and contralateral associated movements [CAMs]) in typically developing children between 3 years and 18 years of age using an updated version of the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment (ZNA-2).
Six-hundred and sixteen typically developing children between 3 years and 18 years of age were enrolled from day-care centres, kindergartens, and schools, and were tested using the ZNA-2 with improved items of the original battery. Motor proficiency was assessed on five components (fine motor tasks, pure motor tasks, static balance, dynamic balance, and CAMs) as a function of age and sex to determine centile curves for each task. Intraobserver, interobserver, and test-retest reliabilities were evaluated.
Most ZNA-2 tasks featured a marked developmental trend and substantial interindividual variability. Test-retest reliability was generally high (e.g. static balance 0.67; CAMs 0.81; and total scores 0.84).
The ZNA-2 is a reliable and updated test instrument to measure motor proficiency in children from 3 to 18 years with improved properties for assessing motor performance. It allows continuous measurement without changing items for the entire age range; this feature of the ZNA-2 is unique and makes the instrument suitable for clinical purposes. The reduction of CAMs scoring simplifies the clinical procedure and increases its reliability.
The Zurich Neuromotor Assessment, Second Edition (ZNA-2) provides new norms for motor proficiency in children between 3 years and 18 years. High reliabilities suggest that the revised test battery is a useful tool for assessing neuromotor development. Integration of a 'not able to perform' category makes the ZNA-2 suitable for clinical purposes.
本横断面研究的目的是使用经过更新的苏黎世神经运动评估（ZNA-2）为 3 至 18 岁发育正常的儿童提供运动技能（运动表现和对侧相关运动[CAM]）的规范数据。
从日托中心、幼儿园和学校招募了 616 名 3 至 18 岁的发育正常的儿童，并使用 ZNA-2 进行测试，其中包含原始电池的改进项目。根据年龄和性别评估运动技能在五个组件（精细运动任务、纯运动任务、静态平衡、动态平衡和 CAM）上的表现，以确定每个任务的百分位数曲线。评估了观察者内、观察者间和重测信度。
大多数 ZNA-2 任务具有明显的发展趋势和较大的个体间差异。重测信度通常较高（例如静态平衡 0.67；CAM 0.81；和总分数 0.84）。
ZNA-2 是一种可靠且经过更新的测试工具，可用于测量 3 至 18 岁儿童的运动技能，具有改进的运动表现评估属性。它允许在整个年龄范围内无需更改项目进行连续测量；ZNA-2 的这一特点是独特的，使其适合临床用途。CAM 评分的减少简化了临床程序并提高了其可靠性。
苏黎世神经运动评估第二版（ZNA-2）为 3 至 18 岁儿童的运动技能提供了新的规范。高信度表明，修订后的测试电池是评估神经运动发育的有用工具。“无法执行”类别的纳入使 ZNA-2 适合临床用途。
