Zou Xiao Yun, Liu Bao Lin, Song Lai Qiang, Guan Chun Yun
Oilseed Crops Institute/National Oil Crops Improvement Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
Institute of Crops/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2016 Apr 22;27(4):1169-1176. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201604.021.
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rapeseed under post anthesis waterlogging condition. Two high nitrogen use efficiency rapeseed genotypes 'Monty' and 'Xiangyou 15' and two low nitrogen use efficiency rapeseed genotypes 'R210' and 'Bin270' were treated with 3 nitrogen levels (0.05, 0.2, 0.3 g N·kgsoil) under waterlogging or normal water condition. The results showed that compared with the normal water condition, rapeseed pods per plant, 1000-seed mass, seed number per pod and seed yield decreased significantly under post anthesis waterlogging condition. Under the normal water condition, yield increased significantly along with the increment of nitrogen fertilizer, while under waterlogging condition the contribution of increment of nitrogen fertilizer was not significant. Compared with the low nitrogen use efficiency rapeseed genotypes, the high nitrogen use efficiency rapeseed genotypes stimulated seed filling under post anthesis waterlogging condition. Under the same water treatment, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency and N harvest index of nitrogen fertilizer decreased significantly as the results of post anthesis waterlogging, nitrogen uptake and utilization capability of different rapeseed genotypes were affected significantly by waterlogging. Compared with the low nitrogen use efficiency rapeseed genotypes, the high nitrogen use efficiency rapeseed genotypes were more conducive to nitrogen translocation and redistribution of nitrogen to the pods under waterlogging condition, thus improving the seed production efficiency. Significant water and nitrogen interaction effects existed in rapeseed yield performance parameters, and the effects of water, nitrogen fertilizer and their interaction on rapeseed yield and yield performance parameters varied among diffe-rent genotypes.
进行了一项温室盆栽试验，以研究花后渍水条件下施氮对油菜产量和氮素利用效率的影响。选用两个氮素利用效率高的油菜基因型‘Monty’和‘湘油15’以及两个氮素利用效率低的油菜基因型‘R210’和‘Bin270’，在渍水或正常水分条件下设置3个氮水平（0.05、0.2、0.3 g N·kg土壤）进行处理。结果表明，与正常水分条件相比，花后渍水条件下油菜的单株角果数、千粒重、每角粒数和种子产量均显著降低。在正常水分条件下，产量随氮肥用量的增加而显著增加，而在渍水条件下，氮肥用量增加的贡献不显著。与氮素利用效率低的油菜基因型相比，氮素利用效率高的油菜基因型在花后渍水条件下能促进种子充实。在相同水分处理下，花后渍水导致氮肥的氮素利用效率、氮素偏生产力、农学氮素利用效率、氮素吸收效率和氮收获指数显著降低，不同油菜基因型的氮素吸收和利用能力受渍水影响显著。与氮素利用效率低的油菜基因型相比，氮素利用效率高的油菜基因型在渍水条件下更有利于氮素向角果的转运和再分配，从而提高种子生产效率。油菜产量性能参数存在显著的水氮交互效应，水分、氮肥及其交互作用对油菜产量和产量性能参数的影响因不同基因型而异。
