Li Jing Jing, Zou Chao Yu, Bai Gang Shuan
Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Monitoring Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment of Yellow River, Xi'an 710021, Chinaa.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2016 Sep;27(9):2991-2999. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201609.021.
In order to improve the soil environment, reduce soil erosion and soil nutrient loss, and explore the suitable dry broadcasting rate of polyacrylamide (PAM) in sloped apple orchard, experiments of different dry broadcasting rates of polyacrylamide were carried out in apple orchards with a slope of 20° in the hilly-gully region of northern Shaanxi from 2010 to 2012. PAM treatment levels included 0, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 g·m. Surface runoff, eroded sediment, soil nutrient loss, and the growth of apple trees were monitored. Results showed that the surface runoff and runoff yield times from May to July exhibited a "V" shape with the increase of PAM application rate, and reached a minimum at the 1.0 g·m level. However, the sediment yield decreased with increasing the PAM application rate. The concentrations of the ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in surface runoff and sediment decreased with increa-sing the PAM application rate. PAM significantly reduced the content of nitrate nitrogen in surface runoff, whereas it had no significant effect on nitrate nitrogen in sediment. Organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in the sediment decreased with increasing the PAM application rate. Moreover, PAM improved average fruit mass and fruit yields in sloped orchards, but it had no significant effect on the growth of apple trees and apple fruit flavor. An application le-vel of PAM at 1.0 g·m should be suitable in sloped apple orchards.
为改善土壤环境，减少土壤侵蚀和土壤养分流失，探索陕北丘陵沟壑区坡度为20°的坡地苹果园聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）适宜的撒施量，于2010年至2012年在陕北丘陵沟壑区坡度为20°的苹果园开展了不同撒施量聚丙烯酰胺试验。PAM处理水平包括0、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4和1.6 g·m 。监测了地表径流、侵蚀泥沙、土壤养分流失及苹果树生长情况。结果表明，5月至7月的地表径流和产流次数随PAM施用量增加呈“V”形变化，在1.0 g·m水平达到最小值。然而，泥沙产量随PAM施用量增加而降低。地表径流和泥沙中铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾的浓度随PAM施用量增加而降低。PAM显著降低了地表径流中硝态氮含量，而对泥沙中硝态氮无显著影响。泥沙中的有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量随PAM施用量增加而降低。此外，PAM提高了坡地果园苹果的平均单果质量和产量，但对苹果树生长及苹果果实风味无显著影响。坡地苹果园PAM适宜施用量为1.0 g·m 。
