State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018 May 30;10(21):18141-18148. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b03557. Epub 2018 May 15.
The performance and flexibility of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been enhanced by introducing microstructured WO/Ag/WO (WAW) multilayer transparent electrodes, which can be fabricated through glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method. The structure and morphology of the second WO layers in WAW films can be altered significantly by changing the deposition angles. A film with porous, oriented WO nanocolumns was obtained at the deposition angle of 75°. The rigid and flexible devices based on this microstructured electrodes show enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 14.91 and 13.79%, respectively, which are increasing by 10.36 and 10.14% in comparison with the devices based on the WAW electrodes with planar structure, respectively. Simultaneously, the bending stability of the flexible PSCs based on the microstructured WAW electrode has been improved significantly, which retains 90.97% of its initial PCE after 1000 times bending under the maximum strain of 1.3%, compared with the 78.39% of the reference device with the planar WAW electrode. This can be attributed to the unique microstructure of WAW electrodes fabricated by GLAD methods, releasing the mechanical stresses under repeated bending; moreover, the smaller grains induced by this electrode can disperse the stress, which decrease the damage on the perovskite layer; we believe that this work will pave for the way to improve the performance and flexibility of PSCs.
通过引入微结构 WO/Ag/WO（WAW）多层透明电极，可以提高钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）的性能和灵活性，该电极可以通过掠角沉积（GLAD）方法制备。WAW 薄膜中第二层 WO 的结构和形态可以通过改变沉积角度而显著改变。在沉积角度为 75°时，获得了具有多孔、定向 WO 纳米柱的薄膜。基于这种微结构电极的刚性和柔性器件分别实现了 14.91%和 13.79%的增强功率转换效率（PCE），与具有平面结构的 WAW 电极器件相比，分别提高了 10.36%和 10.14%。同时，基于微结构 WAW 电极的柔性 PSCs 的弯曲稳定性得到了显著提高，与具有平面 WAW 电极的参考器件相比，在最大应变为 1.3%的情况下，经过 1000 次弯曲后，其初始 PCE 保留了 90.97%，而参考器件的初始 PCE 仅保留了 78.39%。这可以归因于 GLAD 方法制备的 WAW 电极的独特微结构，释放了反复弯曲产生的机械应力；此外，这种电极产生的较小晶粒可以分散应力，从而减少对钙钛矿层的损伤；我们相信这项工作将为提高 PSCs 的性能和灵活性铺平道路。
