Institute for Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2018 Jul 1;167:560-567. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.059. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
Negatively charged ultrathin gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) were synthesized in a vesicular dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT)/phospholipid-based template phase. These "naked" AuNTs with localized surface plasmon resonances in the NIR region at about 1300 nm and special photothermal properties are of particular interest for imaging and hyperthermia of cancerous tissues. For these kinds of applications the toxicity and the cellular uptake of the AuNTs is of outstanding importance. Therefore, this study focuses on the toxicity of "naked" AOT-stabilized AuNTs compared to polymer-coated AuNTs. Polymeric coating consisted of non-modified hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI-Mal) and heparin. The toxicological experiments were carried out with two different cell lines (embryonic kidney carcinoma cell line HEK293T and NK-cell leukemia cell line YTS). This study revealed that the heparin-coating of AuNTs improved biocompatibility by a factor of 50 when compared to naked AuNTs. Of note, the highest nontoxic concentration of the AuNTs coated with PEI and PEI-Mal is drastically decreased. Overall, this is mainly triggered by the different surface charges of polymeric coatings. Therefore, AuNTs coated with heparin were selected to carry out uptake studies. Their promising high biocompatibility and cellular uptake may open future studies in the field of biomedical applications.
negatively charged ultrathin gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) were synthesized in a vesicular dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT)/phospholipid-based template phase. These "naked" AuNTs with localized surface plasmon resonances in the NIR region at about 1300 nm and special photothermal properties are of particular interest for imaging and hyperthermia of cancerous tissues. For these kinds of applications the toxicity and the cellular uptake of the AuNTs is of outstanding importance. Therefore, this study focuses on the toxicity of "naked" AOT-stabilized AuNTs compared to polymer-coated AuNTs. Polymeric coating consisted of non-modified hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI-Mal) and heparin. The toxicological experiments were carried out with two different cell lines (embryonic kidney carcinoma cell line HEK293T and NK-cell leukemia cell line YTS). This study revealed that the heparin-coating of AuNTs improved biocompatibility by a factor of 50 when compared to naked AuNTs. Of note, the highest nontoxic concentration of the AuNTs coated with PEI and PEI-Mal is drastically decreased. Overall, this is mainly triggered by the different surface charges of polymeric coatings. Therefore, AuNTs coated with heparin were selected to carry out uptake studies. Their promising high biocompatibility and cellular uptake may open future studies in the field of biomedical applications.
negatively 带负电荷的超薄金纳米三角体 (AuNTs) 在一个由二辛基磺酸钠琥珀酸酯 (AOT)/磷脂基模板相构成的泡囊里被合成。这些“裸露”的 AuNTs 在近红外区（约 1300nm）有局域表面等离子体共振，还有特殊的光热性能，因此对癌症组织的成像和热疗特别有兴趣。对于这类应用，AuNTs 的毒性和细胞摄取率非常重要。因此，本研究主要关注与聚合物包覆的 AuNTs 相比，“裸露”的 AOT 稳定的 AuNTs 的毒性。聚合物涂层由未经修饰的超支化聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）、麦芽糖修饰的聚乙烯亚胺（PEI-Mal）和肝素组成。毒性实验是用两种不同的细胞系（胚胎肾癌细胞系 HEK293T 和 NK 细胞白血病细胞系 YTS）进行的。研究表明，与裸露的 AuNTs 相比，AuNTs 的肝素涂层使其生物相容性提高了 50 倍。值得注意的是，包覆 PEI 和 PEI-Mal 的 AuNTs 的最高无毒浓度大大降低。总的来说，这主要是由聚合物涂层的不同表面电荷引起的。因此，选择肝素包覆的 AuNTs 进行摄取研究。它们具有良好的生物相容性和细胞摄取率，这可能为生物医学应用领域的未来研究开辟道路。
