Zhang Heng, Ye Jin Yu, Liang Xiao Li, Zhu Xiao Jing, Jin Shao Fei, Chen Yuan Ge, Zhang Jia Rui, Dai Yang
Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China.
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2017 Apr 18;28(4):1360-1369. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201704.001.
Based on the data of the benthic macro-invertebrates community in the Phragmites australis marsh in the Dongtan Wetland of the Yangtze River estuary collected from May 2015 to April 2016, we evaluated the monthly variations in the species composition, biodiversity and community structure of the benthic macro-invertebrates. The results showed that the average height and degree of coverage for P. australis increased monthly from March to August, and then deceased from September. The density and aboveground biomass (dry mass, g) of P. australis peaked in July. A total of twenty species (including 2 species only identified to genus level and 2 species identified to family level) were found in the survey periods, including 11 Gastropoda, 5 Malacostraca, 2 Insecta and 2 Polychaeta. Three snail species (Assiminea latericea, Assiminea violacea and Cerithideopsis largillierti) dominated the benthic communities in terms of numerical abundance. The number of epifauna species was the most (11 species), followed by 5 burrowing species and 4 infauna species. There were significant monthly variations in the density and biomass of the macro-invertebrates. The density and biomass of benthic community reached the maximum in August. The Margalef's species richness index (D) and Shannon index (H) showed significant differences monthly, but Pielou's index (J) except in November. Three macro-zoobenthic assemblages were identified with the 42% similarity level. The non-Metric Multidimensional scaling plot indicates that the benthic community in May, October and November was distinct compared to that in the other months. The present study suggested the density of the benthic macro-invertebrates community in the P. australis marshes was somewhat correlated with water temperature, underground biomass and salinity. But those correlation were not significant (P>0.05). Because of the continuous impact of anthropogenic activities, the biodiversity of the benthic macro-invertebrate community has been decreasing for several years. More attention should be paid to the habitat value of the P. australis marshes in the future.
基于2015年5月至2016年4月在长江口东滩湿地芦苇沼泽采集的底栖大型无脊椎动物群落数据，我们评估了底栖大型无脊椎动物的物种组成、生物多样性和群落结构的月度变化。结果表明，芦苇的平均高度和覆盖度从3月到8月逐月增加，9月开始下降。芦苇的密度和地上生物量（干重，克）在7月达到峰值。在调查期间共发现20个物种（包括2个仅鉴定到属级别的物种和2个鉴定到科级别的物种），包括11个腹足纲、5个软甲纲、2个昆虫纲和2个多毛纲。三种螺类物种（红树拟沼螺、紫拟沼螺和大拟蟹守螺）在数量上占底栖群落的主导地位。表栖动物物种数量最多（11种），其次是5种穴居物种和4种底内动物物种。大型无脊椎动物的密度和生物量存在显著的月度变化。底栖群落的密度和生物量在8月达到最大值。Margalef物种丰富度指数（D）和香农指数（H）每月显示出显著差异，但皮洛均匀度指数（J）仅在11月除外。以42%的相似性水平鉴定出三个大型底栖动物组合。非度量多维标度图表明，5月、10月和11月的底栖群落与其他月份不同。本研究表明，芦苇沼泽底栖大型无脊椎动物群落的密度与水温、地下生物量和盐度存在一定相关性。但这些相关性不显著（P>0.05）。由于人为活动的持续影响，底栖大型无脊椎动物群落的生物多样性多年来一直在下降。未来应更加关注芦苇沼泽的栖息地价值。
