Wang Jing, Yan Qiao Ling
Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2017 May 18;28(5):1716-1726. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201705.033.
Disturbances commonly exist in forest ecosystems and play a critical role in the forest regeneration and succession. Animal-mediated seed dispersal is an essential stage of seed regeneration for most plants. To some extent, the responses of animal-mediated seed dispersal to forest disturbances can predict the changes in community composition and structure, and consequently, the succession direction of forests. In the present study, we systematically discussed the ecological significance of the effects of disturbances on animal-mediated seed dispersal effectiveness (i.e., quantity and quality of seed dispersal) of forest plants. We also revealed the research progresses on the effects of natural disturbances (e.g., fire and forest gaps) and human disturbances (e.g., habitat fragmentation, hunting and logging) on the seed dispersal quantity, distance and seedling rege-neration after seed dispersal. The responses of seed dispersal quantity to disturbances were embodied in the dynamic changes of animal population. In addition, there was a slightly negative correlation between seed dispersal distance and interference. However, it was much more complicated for the influences of disturbance on seedling regeneration due to the various types of disturbances, and the environmental factors in disturbed areas also affected seed germination and seedling regeneration after seed dispersal. There were some problems of the study on the effects of disturbances on animal-mediated seed dispersal effectiveness of forest plants. Little was known about the effects of recovery processes of fire disturbance region and positive disturbances (e.g., tending, thinning and forest gaps) on the seed dispersal effectiveness, especially in the temperate forest ecosystems. In the future, long-term research on seed dispersal effectiveness of forest plants by animals after disturbances should be carried out, and the effects of positive disturbances on animal-mediated seed dispersal should be emphasized for the forest regions prone to disturbance.
干扰普遍存在于森林生态系统中，并在森林更新和演替中发挥着关键作用。动物介导的种子传播是大多数植物种子更新的一个重要阶段。在某种程度上，动物介导的种子传播对森林干扰的响应可以预测群落组成和结构的变化，进而预测森林的演替方向。在本研究中，我们系统地讨论了干扰对森林植物动物介导的种子传播有效性（即种子传播的数量和质量）影响的生态意义。我们还揭示了自然干扰（如火灾和林窗）和人为干扰（如生境破碎化、狩猎和伐木）对种子传播数量、距离以及种子传播后幼苗更新影响的研究进展。种子传播数量对干扰的响应体现在动物种群的动态变化中。此外，种子传播距离与干扰之间存在略微的负相关。然而，由于干扰类型多样，干扰对幼苗更新的影响要复杂得多，而且干扰区域的环境因素也会影响种子传播后的种子萌发和幼苗更新。在干扰对森林植物动物介导的种子传播有效性影响的研究方面存在一些问题。对于火灾干扰区域的恢复过程和正向干扰（如抚育、间伐和林窗）对种子传播有效性的影响知之甚少，尤其是在温带森林生态系统中。未来，应开展干扰后动物对森林植物种子传播有效性的长期研究，并针对易受干扰的森林区域，强调正向干扰对动物介导的种子传播的影响。
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