Bargiota S I, Bozikas V P, Garyfallos G, McGuire P
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
1st Department of Psychiatry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital "Papageorgiou", Thessaloniki.
Psychiatriki. 2018 Jan-Mar;29(1):58-63. doi: 10.22365/jpsych.2018.291.58.
Over the last twenty years, a lot of early intervention services operate worldwide with the aim of offering assistance and promoting the early diagnosis and management, not only of people who experience a first episode of psychosis but also of individuals that are at high risk of developing psychosis. The early intervention services that operate in other countries have been reviewed in correlation with the current status of early intervention services for psychosis in Greece. Early intervention services were first established in Australia, and now hundreds of similar programs exist in Europe, North America and Asia. Furthermore, early intervention services incorporate teams that engage people who have an at risk mental state (ARMS), and are at high risk of developing psychosis. The first clinical service for individuals at high risk for psychosis was established in Melbourne in 1995, and an increasing number of similar services have since emerged worldwide. One of the largest of these is OASIS (Outreach and Support in South London). The first early intervention service was developed during the December 2007, in a rural catchment region of north-western Greece, in Ioannina. After the establishment of Ioannina Early Intervention Service, there was a growing interest of the Greek psychiatric community in the issues of early detection and prevention of psychotic disorders which led to the development of early psychosis units in other regions of Greece, like Athens, Thessaloniki and Patras. However, this field remains neglected in Greece, since in the absence of funding for such early detection services, there are only a few programs that operate mainly on a voluntary basis. Moreover, specialized mental health services for people at high risk for psychosis that have significant clinical benefits and are also cost effective, do not exist in the majority of Greek services. Greece and other countries in a similar condition need to understand the significance of untreated or poorly treated psychotic disorders that affect a lot of young people in late adolescence and early adult life. Focusing on people at high risk of developing psychosis will promote public health and will help not only to prevent the onset of psychotic disorders but to enhance their prognosis as well.
在过去二十年里，全球有许多早期干预服务机构在运作，其目的不仅是为首次发作精神病的人，也为有精神病发作高风险的个体提供援助，并促进早期诊断和管理。与希腊精神病早期干预服务的现状相关联，其他国家开展的早期干预服务已得到审查。早期干预服务最早在澳大利亚设立，如今在欧洲、北美和亚洲有数百个类似项目。此外，早期干预服务机构设有团队，与处于有风险精神状态（ARMS）且有精神病发作高风险的人接触。1995年在墨尔本设立了首个针对有精神病发作高风险个体的临床服务机构，自那时起，全球出现了越来越多类似服务。其中规模最大的之一是“绿洲”（伦敦南部外展与支持项目）。首个早期干预服务于2007年12月在希腊西北部约阿尼纳的一个农村集水区开展。约阿尼纳早期干预服务机构设立后，希腊精神病学界对精神病性障碍的早期发现和预防问题的兴趣日益浓厚，这促使希腊其他地区，如雅典、塞萨洛尼基和帕特雷，也建立了早期精神病治疗单元。然而，在希腊这个领域仍然被忽视，因为缺乏此类早期检测服务的资金，只有少数项目主要在自愿基础上运作。此外，希腊的大多数服务机构中不存在针对有精神病发作高风险人群且具有显著临床益处和成本效益的专门心理健康服务。希腊和其他处于类似情况的国家需要认识到未治疗或治疗不当的精神病性障碍的重要性，这些障碍会影响许多处于青春期后期和成年早期的年轻人。关注有精神病发作高风险的人群将促进公共卫生，不仅有助于预防精神病性障碍的发作，还能改善其预后。
