Special Hospital Biograd n/m, Biograd 23120, Croatia.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar 88000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 May 14;15(5):986. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15050986.
: The prevalence of alcohol drinking (AD) in Croatian adolescents is alarming, but there is an evident lack of prospective analyses of the protective/risk factors of AD. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the relationships between scholastic and sport factors and harmful alcohol drinking (HD) in older adolescents. : The participants (n = 644, 53.7% females) were 16 years of age at study baseline and were tested at baseline and again 20 months later (follow-up). The predictors included four variables of scholastic achievement and four factors evidencing involvement in sport. Criterion was AD observed on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and results were later categorized into harmful drinking (HD) and non-harmful drinking (NHD). The HD at baseline, HD at follow-up and HD initiation during the study course were observed as criteria in logistic regression analyses, which were additionally controlled for confounders (age, gender, socioeconomic status, and conflict with parents). With 22% and 29% adolescents who reported HD at baseline and follow-up, respectively, the prevalence of HD remains among the highest in Europe. Scholastic failure was systematically related to HD at baseline and follow-up, but scholastic variables did not predict HD initiation during the course of the study. The higher odds for HD at baseline were evidenced for current and former team sport athletes. Those who quit individual sport were more likely to engage in HD at follow-up. Longer involvement in sport (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.18⁻3.72), higher sport result (OR: 3.15, 95% CI: 1.19⁻8.34), and quitting individual sport (OR: 13.13, 95% CI: 2.67⁻64.62) were predictive of HD initiation. : The results indicated specific associations between sport factors with HD initiation, which is understandable knowing the high stress placed on young athletes in this period of life, mainly because of the forthcoming selection between junior (amateur) and senior (professional) level. The results did not allow interpretation of the cause-effect relationship between scholastic failure and HD in the studied period.
: 克罗地亚青少年饮酒(AD)的流行率令人震惊,但对 AD 的保护/风险因素进行前瞻性分析显然不足。本研究旨在前瞻性研究学业和运动因素与青少年有害饮酒(HD)之间的关系。 : 研究对象(n=644,女性占 53.7%)在研究基线时为 16 岁,在基线时和 20 个月后(随访)进行了测试。预测因素包括学业成绩的四个变量和四个参与运动的因素。标准是酒精使用障碍识别测试(AUDIT)观察到的 AD,结果随后分为有害饮酒(HD)和非有害饮酒(NHD)。在逻辑回归分析中,将基线时的 HD、随访时的 HD 和研究过程中的 HD 起始作为标准,并进一步控制混杂因素(年龄、性别、社会经济地位和与父母的冲突)。 分别有 22%和 29%的青少年在基线和随访时报告 HD,其 HD 患病率仍处于欧洲最高之列。学业失败与基线和随访时的 HD 均有系统关联,但学业变量并未预测研究过程中 HD 的起始。目前和以前的团队运动运动员在基线时发生 HD 的几率更高。那些退出个人运动的人更有可能在随访时发生 HD。更多地参与运动(OR:2.10,95%CI:1.18⁻3.72)、更高的运动成绩(OR:3.15,95%CI:1.19⁻8.34)和退出个人运动(OR:13.13,95%CI:2.67⁻64.62)与 HD 起始相关。 : 研究结果表明,运动因素与 HD 起始之间存在特定关联,考虑到年轻运动员在这个年龄段所承受的高压力,主要是因为即将在初级(业余)和高级(专业)水平之间进行选择,这是可以理解的。研究期间,学业失败与 HD 之间的因果关系无法解释。