Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;64(s1):S271-S279. doi: 10.3233/JAD-179926.
The past five years have seen an enormous development in the field of fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders. The proteins that constitute the foundation for the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests for the classical AD pathologies are now being explored as potential blood-based biomarkers, thanks to the recent implementation of ultrasensitive measurement technologies in academic and clinical laboratories worldwide. The current blood-derived data are still less clear than those obtained using CSF as the sample type, but independent research suggests that there are biomarker signals in blood that relate to plaque and tangle pathologies in AD, which are relevant to explore further. Additionally, neurofilament light has emerged as the first robust blood-based biomarker for neurodegeneration in a broad range of central nervous system disorders, as well as for acute brain injuries. Here, we briefly recapitulate the first and second waves of fluid biomarker analysis in AD, i.e., the development and validation of established and novel CSF biomarkers for the disorder, followed by a focused discussion on blood-based biomarkers for AD, which we describe as the third wave of fluid biomarker analysis that hopefully will gain further momentum during the coming five years.
过去五年中,阿尔茨海默病(AD)和相关疾病的液体生物标志物领域取得了巨大的发展。由于最近在全球学术和临床实验室中实施了超灵敏测量技术,构成脑脊液(CSF)检测经典 AD 病理的蛋白质现在正在被探索作为潜在的基于血液的生物标志物。目前的血液衍生数据仍不如使用 CSF 作为样本类型获得的数据清晰,但独立研究表明,血液中存在与 AD 斑块和缠结病理相关的生物标志物信号,这值得进一步探索。此外,神经丝轻链已成为广泛的中枢神经系统疾病以及急性脑损伤中神经退行性变的首个强大的基于血液的生物标志物。在这里,我们简要回顾了 AD 中液体生物标志物分析的第一波和第二波,即用于该疾病的既定和新型 CSF 生物标志物的开发和验证,随后重点讨论了 AD 的基于血液的生物标志物,我们将其描述为液体生物标志物分析的第三波,希望在未来五年内会有进一步的发展。