Miler Krzysztof, Kuszewska Karolina, Zuber Gabriela, Woyciechowski Michal
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
Anim Cogn. 2018 Jul;21(4):613-617. doi: 10.1007/s10071-018-1190-2. Epub 2018 May 14.
Recently, antlion larvae with greater behavioural asymmetry were shown to have improved learning abilities. However, a major evolutionary question that remained unanswered was why this asymmetry does not increase in all individuals during development. Here, we show that a trade-off exists between learning ability of larvae and their hunting efficiency. Larvae with greater asymmetry learn better than those with less, but the latter are better able to sense vibrational signals used to detect prey and can capture prey more quickly. Both traits, learning ability and hunting efficiency, present obvious fitness advantages; the trade-off between them may explain why behavioural asymmetry, which presumably stems from brain lateralization, is relatively rare in natural antlion populations.
最近，研究表明行为不对称性更强的蚁狮幼虫具有更强的学习能力。然而，一个尚未得到解答的主要进化问题是，为什么这种不对称性在发育过程中并非在所有个体中都增加。在这里，我们表明幼虫的学习能力与其捕猎效率之间存在权衡。不对称性更强的幼虫比那些较弱的幼虫学习得更好，但后者更能感知用于探测猎物的振动信号，并且能够更快地捕获猎物。学习能力和捕猎效率这两个特征都具有明显的适应性优势；它们之间的权衡可能解释了为什么行为不对称性，这种大概源于大脑偏侧化的现象，在自然蚁狮种群中相对罕见。
