Frisch K, Småge S B, Vallestad C, Duesund H, Brevik Ø J, Klevan A, Olsen R H, Sjaatil S T, Gauthier D, Brudeseth B, Nylund A
Cermaq Group AS, Oslo, Norway.
Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
J Fish Dis. 2018 May 14. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12818.
Mouthrot, or bacterial stomatitis, is a disease which mainly affects farmed Atlantic salmon, (Salmo salar, L.), smolts recently transferred into salt water in both British Columbia (BC), Canada, and Washington State, USA. It is a significant fish welfare issue which results in economic losses due to mortality and antibiotic treatments. The associated pathogen is Tenacibaculum maritimum, a bacterium which causes significant losses in many species of farmed fish worldwide. This bacterium has not been proven to be the causative agent of mouthrot in BC despite being isolated from affected Atlantic salmon. In this study, challenge experiments were performed to determine whether mouthrot could be induced with T. maritimum isolates collected from outbreaks in Western Canada and to attempt to develop a bath challenge model. A secondary objective was to use this model to test inactivated whole-cell vaccines for T. maritimum in Atlantic salmon smolts. This study shows that T. maritimum is the causative agent of mouthrot and that the bacteria can readily transfer horizontally within the population. Although the whole-cell oil-adjuvanted vaccines produced an antibody response that was partially cross-reactive with several of the T. maritimum isolates, the vaccines did not protect the fish under the study's conditions.
口腐病，即细菌性口炎，是一种主要影响养殖大西洋鲑（Salmo salar, L.）的疾病，在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC）和美国华盛顿州，刚转入咸水的幼鲑易感染此病。这是一个严重的鱼类福利问题，因死亡率和抗生素治疗导致经济损失。相关病原体是海栖黄杆菌（Tenacibaculum maritimum），这种细菌在全球许多养殖鱼类品种中都会造成重大损失。尽管已从受影响的大西洋鲑中分离出该细菌，但在BC省，它尚未被证实是口腐病的病原体。在本研究中，进行了攻毒实验，以确定从加拿大西部疫情中分离出的海栖黄杆菌菌株是否能诱发口腐病，并试图建立一种浸浴攻毒模型。第二个目标是利用该模型测试大西洋鲑幼鱼中海栖黄杆菌的全细胞灭活疫苗。本研究表明，海栖黄杆菌是口腐病的病原体，并且该细菌能够在种群中轻易地水平传播。尽管全细胞油佐剂疫苗产生了与几种海栖黄杆菌菌株部分交叉反应的抗体反应，但在本研究条件下，这些疫苗并未保护鱼类。
