天津市冬季 PM 中水溶性离子的室内外特征。
The indoor-outdoor characteristics of water-soluble ion in PM in Tianjin wintertime.
机构信息
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
出版信息
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jul;25(21):20985-20998. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2245-2. Epub 2018 May 15.
The indoor and outdoor PM mass concentration, water-soluble ion by filter sampler was analyzed on December 3-21, 2015 during wintertime in Tianjin, China. The results indicate that high humidity conditions result in the accumulation of atmospheric pollutants and reduce atmosphere visibility. The I/O ratio for PM concentration in dormitory and lab are less than 1 in haze days. Indoor PM concentration increases rapidly with outdoor PM concentration increasing in haze days. The filtration factors of the dormitory and lab indicate nearly half of the outdoor PM enters indoor environment. The human activities in dormitory could cause more the formation of PM than those in lab. The concentration of SO is the highest ion in water-soluble ion for outdoor PM. The SO, NO, NH, and Cl are generated mainly by outdoor sources; however, the Na, Ca, and Mg are generated mainly by indoor sources. The NHNO, (NH)SO, and NHCl accounts for 20.241.8%, 32.051.4%, and 6.4~10.6% of the total water-soluble ion in different indoor-outdoor environment. The total secondary aerosols including NHNO, (NH)SO, and NHCl in PM are 28.3, 42.1, 28.2, 31.0, and 33.9% in outdoor environment for haze days, outdoor environment for non-haze days, dormitory for haze days, dormitory for non-haze days, and lab for haze days, respectively.
2015 年 12 月 3 日至 21 日在中国天津冬季期间，通过滤膜采样器对室内和室外 PM 质量浓度、水溶性离子进行了分析。结果表明，高湿度条件会导致大气污染物积累，降低大气能见度。在雾霾天，宿舍和实验室的 PM 浓度 I/O 比值小于 1。在雾霾天，随着室外 PM 浓度的增加，室内 PM 浓度迅速增加。宿舍和实验室的过滤系数表明，近一半的室外 PM 进入室内环境。宿舍中的人类活动比实验室中的活动更容易导致 PM 的形成。在室外 PM 中，水溶性离子中 SO 浓度最高。SO、NO、NH 和 Cl 主要由室外来源生成，而 Na、Ca 和 Mg 主要由室内来源生成。在不同的室内外环境中，NHNO、(NH)SO 和 NHCl 分别占总水溶性离子的 20.2%41.8%、32.0%51.4%和 6.4%~10.6%。在雾霾天，室外环境、非雾霾天室外环境、雾霾天宿舍、非雾霾天宿舍和雾霾天实验室中 PM 中的总二次气溶胶（包括 NHNO、(NH)SO 和 NHCl）分别为 28.3%、42.1%、28.2%、31.0%和 33.9%。
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