A look at treatment strategies for relapsed multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma treatment considerably improved during the past decade, thanks to novel effective drugs, a better understanding of myeloma biology and clonal heterogeneity, and an improved management of toxicities. The choice of regimen at relapse is usually based on prior response, toxicities, age and comorbidities of relapsed patients. Areas covered: A review was performed of the most recent and effective therapeutic strategies for the relapsed myeloma setting, by documenting the latest clinical evidence from phase II and III clinical trials. Of note, new drugs, such as carfilzomib, ixazomib, pomalidomide, daratumumab and elotuzumab, alone or in combinations in doublet or triplet regimens, have greatly increased the treatment armamentarium against myeloma. Expert commentary: Impressive results have been obtained with new drugs in relapsed patients. Besides number of prior therapies and previous response, other factors play a crucial role in the selection of therapy. Re-challenge with previous drugs can be adopted if previous responses lasted at least 6 months and therapy had induced low toxicity. Patients' risk status can further help to appropriately select therapy at relapse, and clinical trials will allow physicians to use newer targeted therapies and immune-therapies, thus delaying palliative approaches to later relapse stages.