Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Jun 1;107(6):859-866. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy050.
Children of overweight or obese parents are at a high risk of developing obesity.
This study sought to examine the underlying neural factors related to parental obesity risk and the relative impact of sugar and fat when consuming a palatable food, as well as the impact of obesity risk status on brain response to appetizing food images.
With the use of functional MRI, the responses of 108 healthy-weight adolescents [mean ± SD body mass index (kg/m2): 20.9 ± 1.9; n = 53 who were at high risk by virtue of parental obesity status, n = 55 who were low risk] to food stimuli were examined. Stimuli included 4 milkshakes, which systematically varied in sugar and fat content, a calorie-free tasteless solution, and images of appetizing foods and glasses of water.
High-risk compared with low-risk adolescents showed greater blood oxygen-dependent response to milkshakes (all variants collapsed) compared with the tasteless solution in the primary gustatory and oral somatosensory cortices (P-family-wise error rate < 0.05), replicating a previous report. Notably, high-risk adolescents showed greater caudate, gustatory, and oral somatosensory responses to the high-sugar milkshake than to the tasteless solution; however, no effect of risk status was observed in the high-fat milkshake condition. Responses to food images were not related to obesity risk status.
Collectively, the data presented here suggest that parental weight status is associated with greater striatal, gustatory, and somatosensory responses to palatable foods-in particular, high-sugar foods-in their adolescent offspring, which theoretically contributes to an increased risk of future overeating. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01949636.
超重或肥胖父母的孩子患肥胖症的风险很高。
本研究旨在探讨与父母肥胖风险相关的潜在神经因素，以及在食用美味食物时糖和脂肪的相对影响，以及肥胖风险状况对大脑对开胃食物图像反应的影响。
使用功能磁共振成像，检查了 108 名健康体重青少年（平均±标准差体重指数（kg/m2）：20.9±1.9；n=53 父母肥胖状况高风险，n=55 低风险）对食物刺激的反应。刺激包括 4 种奶昔，它们在糖和脂肪含量上系统地变化，一种无热量无味的溶液，以及开胃食物和水的图像。
与低风险青少年相比，高风险青少年在初级味觉和口腔体感皮层中对奶昔（所有变体合并）的血氧依赖性反应大于无味溶液（基于家族错误率的 P<0.05），复制了以前的报告。值得注意的是，高风险青少年的纹状体、味觉和口腔体感对高糖奶昔的反应大于无味溶液；然而，在高脂肪奶昔条件下没有观察到风险状态的影响。对食物图像的反应与肥胖风险状况无关。
总的来说，这里呈现的数据表明，父母的体重状况与他们的青少年后代对美味食物（特别是高糖食物）的纹状体、味觉和体感反应更大有关，这从理论上增加了未来过度进食的风险。这项试验在 www.clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT01949636。
