Witek Kacper, Wydra Karolina, Suder Agata, Filip Małgorzata
Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
Front Nutr. 2023 May 9;10:1176213. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1176213. eCollection 2023.
Anxiety and depression are the most common mental disorders affecting people worldwide. Recent studies have highlighted that a maternal high-sugar diet (HSD) could be a risk factor for neurobehavioural dysregulations, including mood disorders. Increased consumption of added sugar in food such as refined fructose/glucose can increase the risk of metabolic disorders and impact susceptibility to mental disorders. Furthermore, a few papers have reported disabilities in learning and memory among offspring after maternal HSD, thus suggesting a relationship between maternal nutrition and offspring neurogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the impact of maternal monosaccharide consumption based on a glucose (GLU) or fructose (FRU) diet during pregnancy and lactation in adolescent and young adult offspring rats of both sexes on cognitive, locomotor, and emotional disturbances. Locomotor activity, short-term memory, anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior were evaluated in the offspring. We report for the first time that the maternal GLU or FRU diet is sufficient to evoke anxiety-like behavior among adolescent and young adult offspring. Moreover, we found that maternal monosaccharide diets lead to hyperactivity and depressive-like behavior in male adolescent rats. We also noticed that a maternal FRU diet significantly enhanced novelty-seeking behavior only in young adult male rats. Our novel findings indicated that the maternal monosaccharide diet, especially a diet enriched in FRU, resulted in strong behavioral alterations in offspring rats at early life stages. This study also revealed that male rats were more susceptible to hyperactivity and anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes than female rats. These results suggest that maternal monosaccharide consumption during pregnancy and lactation is an important factor affecting the emotional status of offspring.
焦虑和抑郁是影响全球人群的最常见精神障碍。最近的研究强调，母亲高糖饮食（HSD）可能是神经行为失调的一个风险因素，包括情绪障碍。食品中添加糖（如精制果糖/葡萄糖）的摄入量增加会增加代谢紊乱的风险，并影响对精神障碍的易感性。此外，有几篇论文报道了母亲高糖饮食后后代在学习和记忆方面的缺陷，从而表明母亲营养与后代神经发生之间存在关联。在本研究中，我们评估了孕期和哺乳期给予青春期及年轻成年后代大鼠葡萄糖（GLU）或果糖（FRU）饮食的情况下，母亲单糖摄入对后代雌雄大鼠认知、运动和情绪障碍的影响。对后代的运动活动、短期记忆、焦虑样和抑郁样行为进行了评估。我们首次报告，母亲的GLU或FRU饮食足以在青春期和年轻成年后代中诱发焦虑样行为。此外，我们发现母亲的单糖饮食会导致雄性青春期大鼠多动和抑郁样行为。我们还注意到，母亲的FRU饮食仅在年轻成年雄性大鼠中显著增强了新奇寻求行为。我们的新发现表明，母亲的单糖饮食，尤其是富含FRU的饮食，会在生命早期阶段导致后代大鼠出现强烈的行为改变。这项研究还表明，雄性大鼠比雌性大鼠更容易出现多动以及焦虑和抑郁样表型。这些结果表明，孕期和哺乳期母亲摄入单糖是影响后代情绪状态的一个重要因素。
