Lei Jun, Calvo Pilar, Vigh Richard, Burd Irina
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2018 May 3;12:118. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00118. eCollection 2018.
Fetal brain development is known to be affected by adverse environmental exposures during pregnancy, including infection, inflammation, hypoxia, alcohol, starvation, and toxins. These exposures are thought to alter autophagy activity in the fetal brain, leading to adverse perinatal outcomes, such as cognitive and sensorimotor deficits. This review introduces the physiologic autophagy pathways in the fetal brain. Next, methods to detect and monitor fetal brain autophagy activity are outlined. An additional discussion explores possible mechanisms by which environmental exposures during pregnancy alter fetal brain autophagy activity. In the final section, a correlation of fetal autophagy activity with the observed postnatal phenotype is attempted. Our main purpose is to provide the current understanding or a lack thereof mechanisms on autophagy, underlying the fetal brain injury exposed to environmental insults.
众所周知，胎儿大脑发育会受到孕期不良环境暴露的影响，包括感染、炎症、缺氧、酒精、饥饿和毒素。这些暴露被认为会改变胎儿大脑中的自噬活性，导致不良围产期结局，如认知和感觉运动缺陷。本综述介绍了胎儿大脑中的生理性自噬途径。接下来，概述了检测和监测胎儿大脑自噬活性的方法。另一个讨论探讨了孕期环境暴露改变胎儿大脑自噬活性的可能机制。在最后一部分，尝试将胎儿自噬活性与观察到的出生后表型进行关联。我们的主要目的是提供目前对自噬机制的理解，或缺乏对暴露于环境损伤下胎儿脑损伤的自噬机制的理解。
