School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD, Australia.
School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD, Australia; Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane QLD, Australia.
Mol Immunol. 2018 Aug;100:126-135. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.012. Epub 2018 May 31.
Grass pollens are amongst the most important aeroallergen sources world-wide triggering allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma in sensitised patients. Much of what we know about the allergen components of grasses is informed by research on pollen of temperate (Pooideae) species that are abundant in the temperate climate zones. However, climate changes are altering the biogeographical distribution as well as timing and allergenicity of grass pollens. This provides an impetus for better understanding of the contribution of subtropical subfamilies of grasses to pollen allergy globally. Pollen of Chloridoideae (e.g. Cynodon dactylon; Bermuda grass) and Panicoideae (e.g. Paspalum notatum; Bahia grass or Sorghum halepense; Johnson grass) subfamilies are clinically important in subtropical zones of Australia, Asia, India, Africa, and America. These grasses differ ecologically and phylogenetically from temperate grasses and, importantly their allergen composition is qualitatively different. For example, subtropical grass pollens appear to lack the major group 5 grass pollen allergen family. In this review we summarize current knowledge of the epidemiology and immunology of subtropical Chloridoideae and Pancoideae pollen allergens, describe the biochemical characteristics of known isoforms and variants as well as properties and structures of subtropical pollen allergen components. Whilst only one subtropical allergen component; Cyn d 1 of Bermuda grass pollen, is available commercially for diagnostic use, in a natural purified form, a number of allergens of Panicoideae grass pollen; Zea m 1, Zea m 3 and Zea m 13 of maize, Pas n 1 and Pas n 13 of Bahia, as well as Sor h 1, Sor h 2, Sor h 13 and Sor h 23 of Johnson grass, have been discovered. Research effort is directed towards making available subtropical grass pollen allergen components as innovative treatment and diagnostic options that more specifically address the needs of patients from warmer regions of the globe.
草花粉是全球最重要的空气过敏原来源之一，可在致敏患者中引发过敏性鼻结膜炎和哮喘。我们对草花粉过敏原成分的了解主要来自于对温带（Poaceae）物种花粉的研究，这些物种在温带气候带中较为丰富。然而，气候变化正在改变草花粉的生物地理分布、出现时间和致敏性。这为更好地了解亚热带草亚科对全球花粉过敏的贡献提供了动力。Chloridoideae（例如狗牙根；百慕大草）和 Panicoideae（例如 Paspalum notatum；Bahiagrass 或 Sorghum halepense；Johnson grass）亚科的花粉在澳大利亚、亚洲、印度、非洲和美洲的亚热带地区具有临床重要性。这些草在生态和系统发育上与温带草不同，重要的是它们的过敏原组成在质上不同。例如，亚热带草花粉似乎缺乏主要的 5 组草花粉过敏原家族。在这篇综述中，我们总结了亚热带 Chloridoideae 和 Panicoideae 花粉过敏原的流行病学和免疫学的现有知识，描述了已知同工型和变体的生化特征以及亚热带花粉过敏原成分的特性和结构。虽然只有一种亚热带过敏原成分；百慕大草花粉中的 Cyn d 1，可用于商业诊断，但在天然纯化形式中，许多 Panicoideae 草花粉过敏原；玉米中的 Zea m 1、Zea m 3 和 Zea m 13、Bahiagrass 中的 Pas n 1 和 Pas n 13，以及 Johnson grass 中的 Sor h 1、Sor h 2、Sor h 13 和 Sor h 23 已经被发现。研究工作旨在提供亚热带草花粉过敏原成分，作为创新的治疗和诊断选择，更具体地满足来自全球温暖地区患者的需求。
