Department of Surgery, Section of General Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Oncology Program, Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
J Crit Care. 2018 Aug;46:99-104. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.05.001. Epub 2018 May 6.
Research in healthcare leadership has focused on leaders. In contrast, organizational success may be more influenced by followers. Kelley described five followership styles based on two characteristics: active engagement and independent critical thinking. We examined the literature on the association between followership style and workplace outcomes.
Articles from MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched. Given the paucity of studies, we expanded our search to non-healthcare databases. Two reviewers identified all studies examining followership styles and their association with job satisfaction and/or performance outcomes. Included studies were evaluated using the GRADE approach.
We identified one article on followership for every sixty articles on leadership in the medical literature. Fourteen observational studies on followership were included in our analysis. Outcomes ranged from the individual to the organizational level. No synthesized analysis was possible due to heterogeneity. Followership styles with greater active engagement and independent critical thinking were associated with increased job satisfaction, decreased burnout, and workplace performance metrics.
There is a dearth of studies on followership. The literature suggests that followership characterized by greater independence is associated with positive outcomes. Given the importance of teamwork in the critical care environment, we should prioritize understanding of this important variable.
医疗保健领导力的研究重点一直放在领导者身上。相比之下，组织的成功可能更多地受到追随者的影响。凯利根据两个特征描述了五种追随风格：积极参与和独立批判性思维。我们研究了追随风格与工作场所结果之间的关联的文献。
从 MEDLINE、CINAHL 和 EMBASE 搜索文章。鉴于研究较少，我们将搜索范围扩大到非医疗保健数据库。两位审查员确定了所有研究追随风格及其与工作满意度和/或绩效结果之间的关系的文章。使用 GRADE 方法评估纳入的研究。
我们在医学文献中发现了一篇关于领导力的文章，就有六十篇关于追随力的文章。我们的分析包括了 14 项关于追随力的观察性研究。结果从个人到组织层面不等。由于存在异质性，因此无法进行综合分析。具有更高的积极参与和独立批判性思维的追随风格与更高的工作满意度、降低的倦怠感和工作场所绩效指标相关。
关于追随力的研究很少。文献表明，具有更大独立性的追随风格与积极的结果相关。鉴于团队合作在重症监护环境中的重要性，我们应该优先了解这一重要变量。
