Mazurek Marek, Papuć Ewa, Rejdak Konrad
Katedra I Klinika Neurologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego W Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
Wiad Lek. 2018;71(2 pt 2):408-412.
Brain microbleeds are defined as small, circular hypointense changes in T2-sequensec of brain MRI, well demarcated from the surrounding tissue. They represent the phagocytized products of blood distribution extravasated from pathologically altered vessels. The echo-T2-dependent gradient (GRE) and magnetic susceptibility testing (SWI) sequences are usually used to visualize them. The pathogenesis of microbleeds very complex but angiopathy associated with arterial hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy play a special role. Atherosclerotic lesions and inflammatory processes are also important. Microbleeds can be found in healthy people as well as in many disorders such as hypertension, Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementia. Their prevalence increases with age. Microbleeds may have a multidimensional effect on the surrounding brain tissue. It is suggested that they disrupt both the brain structure and the electrical function of neurons. In this review article we present current knowledge on the cerebral microbleeds.
脑微出血被定义为脑磁共振成像T2序列上的小的圆形低信号改变，与周围组织界限清晰。它们代表了从病理改变的血管中渗出的血液分解产物。回波T2依赖梯度（GRE）和磁敏感加权成像（SWI）序列通常用于显示它们。微出血的发病机制非常复杂，但与动脉高血压和脑淀粉样血管病相关的血管病变起特殊作用。动脉粥样硬化病变和炎症过程也很重要。微出血可见于健康人以及许多疾病，如高血压、阿尔茨海默病或其他类型的痴呆。其患病率随年龄增长而增加。微出血可能对周围脑组织产生多方面影响。有人认为它们会破坏脑结构和神经元的电功能。在这篇综述文章中，我们介绍了关于脑微出血的当前知识。
