Diffusion-weighting Caused by Spoiler Gradients in the Fast Imaging with Steady-state Precession Sequence May Lead to Inaccurate T Measurements in MR Fingerprinting.

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a promising framework that allows the quantification of multiple magnetic resonance parameters with a single scan. MRF using fast imaging with steady-state precession (MRF-FISP) has robustness to off-resonance artifacts and has many applications in inhomogeneous fields. However, the spoiler gradient used in MRF-FISP is sensitive to diffusion motion, and may lead to quantification errors when the spoiler moment increases. In this study, we examined the effect of the diffusion weighting in MRF-FISP caused by spoiler gradients. The T relaxation times were greatly underestimated when large spoiler moments were used. The T underestimation was prominent for tissues with large values of T and diffusion coefficients. The T bias was almost independent of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T values when the ADC map was measured and incorporated into the matching process. These results reveal that the T underestimation resulted from the diffusion weighting caused by the spoiler gradients.