Department of Environmental Health Risk Assessment, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Pediatr Res. 2018 Jul;84(1):28-33. doi: 10.1038/s41390-018-0004-1. Epub 2018 May 23.
Children are a susceptible population to exposure of ambient fine particulate air pollution (PM), and the associated symptoms are sensitive prevalent indicators of morbidity. However, few studies to date investigate the association between PM exposure and school absence and symptoms.
In a panel study including 20,291 observations in 615 schoolchildren 8-13 years of age, we asked the participants to record their school absence and symptoms on every school day from 17 November to 31 December 2014 in Jinan, China. We used the generalized linear mixed effects models to examine the adverse effects of ambient PM on school absence and symptoms, adjusting for covariates including meteorological and individual factors.
The 3-day moving average of PM was significantly associated with school absence (1.37; 95% CI: 1.07-1.74) and increases in symptoms of the throat (1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.05), nose (1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), and skin (1.09; 95% CI: 1.06-1.12). High PM exposure also increased the risks of individual symptoms, especially for cough (1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.04), sneezing (1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.07), and stuffy nose (1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.17).
High PM exposure is a risk factor for the health of schoolchildren. Allocation of medical resources for children should take into account the ambient PM concentrations and be proportioned accordingly.
儿童是易受环境细颗粒物空气污染（PM）暴露影响的人群，相关症状是发病率敏感的普遍指标。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究调查 PM 暴露与缺课和症状之间的关系。
在一项包括 615 名 8-13 岁儿童的 20291 次观察的面板研究中，我们要求参与者在 2014 年 11 月 17 日至 12 月 31 日期间的每个上学日记录他们的缺课和症状。我们使用广义线性混合效应模型来研究环境 PM 对缺课和症状的不良影响，同时调整了包括气象和个体因素在内的协变量。
PM 的 3 天移动平均值与缺课（1.37；95%置信区间：1.07-1.74）和喉咙（1.03；95%置信区间：1.00-1.05）、鼻子（1.03；95%置信区间：1.01-1.06）和皮肤（1.09；95%置信区间：1.06-1.12）症状的增加显著相关。高 PM 暴露也增加了个别症状的风险，特别是咳嗽（1.02；95%置信区间：1.00-1.04）、打喷嚏（1.03；95%置信区间：1.00-1.07）和鼻塞（1.09；95%置信区间：1.02-1.17）。
高 PM 暴露是儿童健康的一个危险因素。为儿童分配医疗资源时应考虑环境 PM 浓度，并相应地进行配置。
