Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
School of Economics and Resource Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2018 Jun;42(6):1112-1126. doi: 10.1038/s41366-018-0089-y. Epub 2018 May 24.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Over 80% of the global populations living in urban areas are exposed to air quality levels that exceed the World Health Organization limits. Air pollution may lead to unhealthy body weight through metabolic dysfunction, chronic disease onset, and disruption of regular physical activity.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science for peer-reviewed articles published until September 2017 that assessed the relationship between air pollution and body weight status. A standardized data extraction form was used to collect methodological and outcome variables from each eligible study.
Sixteen studies met the selection criteria and were included in the review. They were conducted in seven countries, including the US (n = 9), China (n = 2), Canada (n = 1), Italy (n = 1), The Netherlands (n = 1), Serbia (n = 1), and South Korea (n = 1). Half of them adopted a longitudinal study design, and the rest adopted a cross-sectional study design. Commonly examined air pollutants included PM, NO, SO, O, and overall air quality index. Among a total of 66 reported associations between air pollution and body weight status, 29 (44%) found air pollution to be positively associated with body weight, 29 (44%) reported a null finding, and the remaining eight (12%) found air pollution to be negatively associated with body weight. The reported associations between air pollution and body weight status varied by sex, age group, and type of air pollutant. Three pathways hypothesized in the selected studies were through increased oxidative stress and adipose tissue inflammation, elevated risk for chronic comorbidities, and insufficient physical activity.
Concurrent evidence regarding the impact of air pollution on body weight status remains mixed. Future studies should assess the impact of severe air pollution on obesity in developing countries, focus on a homogenous population subgroup, and elucidate the biomedical and psychosocial pathways linking air pollution to body weight.
背景/目的：超过 80%的全球城市人口生活在空气质量水平超过世界卫生组织标准的环境中。空气污染可能会通过代谢功能障碍、慢性病发作和扰乱日常身体活动导致不健康的体重。
研究对象/方法：在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 中进行了文献检索，检索截至 2017 年 9 月发表的评估空气污染与体重状况之间关系的同行评审文章。使用标准化的数据提取表格从每项合格研究中收集方法学和结果变量。
符合选择标准并纳入综述的有 16 项研究。这些研究在 7 个国家进行，包括美国（n=9）、中国（n=2）、加拿大（n=1）、意大利（n=1）、荷兰（n=1）、塞尔维亚（n=1）和韩国（n=1）。其中一半采用了纵向研究设计，其余采用了横断面研究设计。常见的检测的空气污染物包括 PM、NO、SO、O 和综合空气质量指数。在总共 66 项报告的空气污染与体重状况之间的关联中，有 29 项（44%）发现空气污染与体重呈正相关，29 项（44%）报告无关联，其余 8 项（12%）发现空气污染与体重呈负相关。报告的空气污染与体重状况之间的关联因性别、年龄组和空气污染物类型而异。在选定的研究中假设了三种途径，即通过增加氧化应激和脂肪组织炎症、增加慢性合并症的风险以及身体活动不足。
关于空气污染对体重状况影响的现有证据仍然存在分歧。未来的研究应该评估发展中国家严重空气污染对肥胖的影响，关注同质人群亚组，并阐明将空气污染与体重联系起来的生物医学和社会心理途径。
