Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
School of Sports Journalism and Foreign Studies, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Perspect Public Health. 2018 Mar;138(2):111-121. doi: 10.1177/1757913917726567. Epub 2017 Aug 22.
This study systematically reviewed literature regarding the impact of ambient air pollution on physical activity among children and adults.
Keyword and reference search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science to systematically identify articles meeting all of the following criteria - study designs: interventions or experiments, retrospective or prospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies; subjects: adults; exposures: specific air pollutants and overall air quality; outcomes: physical activity and sedentary behaviour; article types: peer-reviewed publications; and language: articles written in English. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled effect size of ambient PM air pollution on physical inactivity.
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Among them, six were conducted in the United States, and one was conducted in the United Kingdom. Six adopted a cross-sectional study design, and one used a prospective cohort design. Six had a sample size larger than 10,000. Specific air pollutants assessed included PM, PM, O, and NO, whereas two studies focused on overall air quality. All studies found air pollution level to be negatively associated with physical activity and positively associated with leisure-time physical inactivity. Study participants, and particularly those with respiratory disease, self-reported a reduction in outdoor activities to mitigate the detrimental impact of air pollution. Meta-analysis revealed a one unit (μg/m) increase in ambient PM concentration to be associated with an increase in the odds of physical inactivity by 1.1% (odds ratio = 1.011; 95% confidence interval = 1.001, 1.021; p-value < .001) among US adults.
Existing literature in general suggested that air pollution discouraged physical activity. Current literature predominantly adopted a cross-sectional design and focused on the United States. Future studies are warranted to implement a longitudinal study design and evaluate the impact of air pollution on physical activity in heavily polluted developing countries.
本研究系统地回顾了有关环境空气污染对儿童和成人体力活动影响的文献。
在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 中进行了关键词和参考文献搜索，以系统地确定符合以下所有标准的文章：研究设计：干预或实验、回顾性或前瞻性队列研究、横断面研究和病例对照研究；研究对象：成年人；暴露：特定空气污染物和整体空气质量；结局：体力活动和久坐行为；文章类型：同行评议出版物；语言：英文文章。Meta 分析用于估计环境 PM 空气污染对体力活动不足的综合效应大小。
符合纳入标准的有 7 项研究。其中，6 项在美国进行，1 项在英国进行。6 项采用横断面研究设计，1 项采用前瞻性队列设计。6 项的样本量大于 10000 人。评估的特定空气污染物包括 PM、PM、O 和 NO，而两项研究则关注整体空气质量。所有研究均发现空气污染水平与体力活动呈负相关，与休闲时间体力活动不足呈正相关。研究参与者，特别是患有呼吸道疾病的参与者，报告减少户外活动以减轻空气污染的不利影响。Meta 分析显示，环境 PM 浓度每增加一个单位（μg/m），美国成年人体力活动不足的几率增加 1.1%（比值比=1.011；95%置信区间=1.001，1.021；p 值<0.001）。
现有文献普遍表明，空气污染抑制了体力活动。目前的文献主要采用横断面设计，且集中于美国。需要进一步的研究来实施纵向设计，并评估空气污染对污染严重的发展中国家体力活动的影响。
