We sought to compare clinical characteristics between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and asthma, and explored the association of chronic rhinosinusitis inflammation subtypewith bronchial inflammation phenotype in CRSwNP with asthma. Fifty-one consecutive patients suffering from CRSwNP with asthma undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were recruited. Preoperative computed tomography (CT), skin-prick test, bronchial provocation test, lung function, and oral fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements were conducted. Venous blood was taken within 1 week before ESS. Nasal polyps (NPs) specimens were obtained from each patient during ESS, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. According to the pathologic characteristics of NP samples, fifty-one patients suffering from CRSwNP with asthma were grouped as eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP) and non-ECRSwNP and three levels of eosinophil infiltration were recognized. Fifty-one patients suffering from CRSwNP with asthma were grouped as ECRSwNP (n=33) and non-ECRSwNP (n=18). History of surgery, history of allergy, Lund-Mackay scores, duration of asthma, frequency of severity asthma, numbers of asthma exacerbation in the last year, FeNO, blood eosinophil percentage and absolute count were all significantly higher in the ECRSwNP with asthma group compared with the non-ECRSwNP with asthma group (<0.05). Blood eosinophil percentage had a significant correlation with degree of eosinophil infiltration in NPs (=0.459, <0.01) and FeNO (=0.591, <0.01). There was a correlation between degree of eosinophil infiltration in NPs and FeNO (=0.556, <0.01). Furthermore, Lund-Mackay scores had a positive correlation with blood eosinophil percentage (=0.327, <0.05) and degree of eosinophil infiltration in NPs (=0.412, <0.01) and FeNO (=0.691, <0.01). There is different clinical characteristics between ECRSwNP with asthma and non-ECRSwNP with asthma. These data suggest that CRSwNP inflammation subtype is significantly correlated with bronchial inflammation phenotype in patients suffering from CRSwNP with asthma.